Reduction of endogenous GRP78 levels improves secretion of a heterologous protein in CHO cells.

GRP78 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and associates with improperly folded or underglycosylated proteins. The role of GRP78 in secretion was studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) variant which lacks potential N-linked glycosylation site sequences because of mutagenesis. The expression of variant tPA resulted in elevated levels of GRP78 and its stable association with tPA. The introduction of antisense GRP78 genes resulted in a two- to threefold reduction in GRP78 levels compared with those of the original cells. Cells with reduced levels of GRP78 secreted two- to threefold-higher levels of tPA activity. tPA expressed in these cells displayed reduced association with GRP78, and a greater proportion was processed to the mature form and secreted. These results demonstrate that reduction of GRP78 level can improve the secretion of an associated protein.