Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3;
J Dent Educ. 2014 Mar;78(3):389-400.
This study assessed self-perceptions of cultural competence in dental students and recent graduates of the University of British Columbia. The sample consisted of 106 predoctoral students (response rate 98 percent) and thirty-three recent graduates (response rate 43 percent). The two cohorts completed similar questionnaires. Over 80 percent of responding predoctoral students reported encountering patients from culturally different groups, 50 percent of them admitted that their communication is not effective, two-thirds were not confident in caring for patients from diverse cultural groups, and over 60 percent perceived that sociocultural differences affect the provision of care. Some significant differences between the genders and study years were observed. Exploratory Factor Analyses validated multiple indicators in five domains: 1) encountering culturally diverse patients, 2) communication challenges in sociocultural situations, 3) cultural competence-related skills, 4) cultural competence related to diagnosis and patient treatment, and 5) training in cultural competence. Through qualitative assessments, important culturally relevant topics and interactive training methods preferred by students for developing cultural competence were identified. This study concluded that cultural competence was perceived as important by both dental students and recent graduates but also as partly deficient, particularly by predoctoral students. For teaching cultural competence, participants recommended various topics and interactive teaching modalities.
本研究评估了不列颠哥伦比亚大学牙科学员和应届毕业生的文化能力自我认知。样本包括 106 名预科生（响应率为 98%）和 33 名应届毕业生（响应率为 43%）。这两个队列完成了类似的问卷。超过 80%的回应预科生报告说遇到过来自文化背景不同的患者，其中 50%的人承认他们的沟通不够有效，三分之二的人对照顾来自不同文化群体的患者没有信心，超过 60%的人认为社会文化差异会影响提供的护理。在性别和学习年限方面观察到了一些显著差异。探索性因素分析验证了五个领域的多个指标：1）遇到文化多元化的患者，2）社会文化情境中的沟通挑战，3）与文化能力相关的技能，4）与诊断和患者治疗相关的文化能力，以及 5）文化能力培训。通过定性评估，确定了学生认为重要的、与文化相关的主题和发展文化能力所偏好的互动培训方法。本研究得出的结论是，文化能力被牙科学员和应届毕业生认为是重要的，但也存在部分不足，特别是预科生。对于文化能力的教学，参与者推荐了各种主题和互动教学模式。
