Brkanac Sandra Radić, Vujčić Valerija, Cvjetko Petra, Baković Vid, Oreščanin Višnja
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2014 Mar;65(1):89-99. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2431.
Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis.
正在使用的和已关闭的城市固体废弃物填埋场的渗滤液可能是地下水和地表水的主要污染源。在本研究中，利用浮萍、洋葱和彗星试验评估了一个旧卫生填埋场渗滤液在化学和电化学处理前后的毒性和遗传毒性潜力。光合色素、丙二醛（脂质过氧化指标）和抗氧化酶活性被评估为浮萍毒性的额外指标。浮萍暴露于25%稀释的填埋场渗滤液后，生长速率和光合色素含量显著降低，尽管抗氧化防御机制受到刺激，但脂质过氧化增加。彗星试验证明，稀释后的渗滤液诱导了浮萍细胞中的DNA链断裂。关于洋葱试验，未经处理的渗滤液导致洋葱根尖细胞分裂受到抑制，并诱导有丝分裂和染色体畸变。虽然两种水处理方法都完全降低了渗滤液的遗传毒性，但发现电化学方法在去除填埋场渗滤液中存在的有毒物质方面更有效，因此更适合在渗滤液排放到环境之前对其进行处理。由于填埋场渗滤液因其（遗传）毒性总体上对人类健康和环境构成风险，本研究表明，在渗滤液风险评估中应将生态毒性/遗传毒性测定与理化分析一起使用。
