Liu Yuefeng, Ersen Ovidiu, Meny Christian, Luck Francis, Pham-Huu Cuong
Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg cedex 02 (France).
ChemSusChem. 2014 May;7(5):1218-39. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201300921. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, in which synthesis gas (syngas) derived from coal, natural gas, and biomass is converted into synthetic liquid fuels and chemicals, is a strongly exothermic reaction, and thus, a large amount of heat is generated during the reaction that could severely modify the overall selectivity of the process. In this Review, we report the advantages that can be offered by different thermally conductive supports, that is, carbon nanomaterials and silicon carbide, pure or doped with different promoters, for the development of more active and selective FT catalysts. This Review follows a discussion regarding the clear trend in the advantages and drawbacks of these systems in terms of energy efficiency and catalytic performance for this most-demanded catalytic process. It is demonstrated that the use of a support with an appropriate pore size and thermal conductivity is an effective strategy to tune and improve the activity of the catalyst and to improve product selectivity in the FT process. The active phase and the recovery of the support, which also represents a main concern in terms of the large amount of FT catalyst used and the cost of the active cobalt phase, is also discussed within the framework of this Review. It is expected that a thermally conductive support such as β-SiC will not only improve the development of the FT process, but that it will also be part of a new support for different catalytic processes for which high catalytic performance and selectivity are strongly needed.
费托（FT）工艺是将源自煤炭、天然气和生物质的合成气转化为合成液体燃料和化学品的过程，这是一个强烈的放热反应，因此，反应过程中会产生大量热量，这可能会严重改变该工艺的整体选择性。在本综述中，我们报告了不同的导热载体（即碳纳米材料和碳化硅，纯的或掺杂不同促进剂的）对于开发更具活性和选择性的费托催化剂所具有的优势。本综述先讨论了这些体系在这一需求极高的催化过程的能源效率和催化性能方面的优缺点的明显趋势。结果表明，使用具有合适孔径和热导率的载体是调节和提高催化剂活性以及提高费托工艺中产物选择性的有效策略。在本综述的框架内，还讨论了活性相以及载体的回收利用问题，这在大量使用费托催化剂以及活性钴相成本方面也是一个主要关注点。预计诸如β - 碳化硅这样的导热载体不仅会促进费托工艺的发展，而且还将成为对不同催化过程而言强烈需要高催化性能和选择性的新型载体的一部分。
