Tuci Giulia, Liu Yuefeng, Rossin Andrea, Guo Xiangyun, Pham Charlotte, Giambastiani Giuliano, Pham-Huu Cuong
Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy.
Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023 Dalian, China.
Chem Rev. 2021 Sep 8;121(17):10559-10665. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00269. Epub 2021 Jul 13.
There is an obvious gap between efforts dedicated to the control of chemicophysical and morphological properties of catalyst active phases and the attention paid to the search of new materials to be employed as functional carriers in the upgrading of heterogeneous catalysts. Economic constraints and common habits in preparing heterogeneous catalysts have narrowed the selection of active-phase carriers to a handful of materials: oxide-based ceramics ( AlO, SiO, TiO, and aluminosilicates-zeolites) and carbon. However, these carriers occasionally face chemicophysical constraints that limit their application in catalysis. For instance, oxides are easily corroded by acids or bases, and carbon is not resistant to oxidation. Therefore, these carriers cannot be recycled. Moreover, the poor thermal conductivity of metal oxide carriers often translates into permanent alterations of the catalyst active sites (. metal active-phase sintering) that compromise the catalyst performance and its lifetime on run. Therefore, the development of new carriers for the design and synthesis of advanced functional catalytic materials and processes is an urgent priority for the heterogeneous catalysis of the future. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a non-oxide semiconductor with unique chemicophysical properties that make it highly attractive in several branches of catalysis. Accordingly, the past decade has witnessed a large increase of reports dedicated to the design of SiC-based catalysts, also in light of a steadily growing portfolio of porous SiC materials covering a wide range of well-controlled pore structure and surface properties. This review article provides a comprehensive overview on the synthesis and use of macro/mesoporous SiC materials in catalysis, stressing their unique features for the design of efficient, cost-effective, and easy to scale-up heterogeneous catalysts, outlining their success where other and more classical oxide-based supports failed. All applications of SiC in catalysis will be reviewed from the perspective of a given chemical reaction, highlighting all improvements rising from the use of SiC in terms of activity, selectivity, and process sustainability. We feel that the experienced viewpoint of SiC-based catalyst producers and end users (these authors) and their critical presentation of a comprehensive overview on the applications of SiC in catalysis will help the readership to create its own opinion on the central role of SiC for the future of heterogeneous catalysis.
在致力于控制催化剂活性相的化学物理和形态特性方面所做的努力，与在寻找用于多相催化剂升级的功能载体新材料方面所给予的关注之间，存在明显差距。经济限制和制备多相催化剂的常见习惯，已将活性相载体的选择范围缩小到少数几种材料：氧化物基陶瓷（AlO、SiO、TiO以及铝硅酸盐 - 沸石）和碳。然而，这些载体偶尔会面临限制其在催化中应用的化学物理约束。例如，氧化物容易被酸或碱腐蚀，而碳不耐氧化。因此，这些载体无法回收利用。此外，金属氧化物载体的低导热性常常导致催化剂活性位点的永久性改变（即金属活性相烧结），这会损害催化剂性能及其运行寿命。因此，开发用于设计和合成先进功能催化材料及工艺的新型载体，是未来多相催化的当务之急。碳化硅（SiC）是一种具有独特化学物理性质的非氧化物半导体，这使其在催化的多个分支领域极具吸引力。相应地，在过去十年中，鉴于涵盖广泛且可控孔结构和表面性质的多孔SiC材料组合稳步增加，致力于设计基于SiC的催化剂的报道大幅增多。这篇综述文章全面概述了宏观/介孔SiC材料在催化中的合成与应用，强调了它们在设计高效、经济且易于放大的多相催化剂方面的独特特性，概述了在其他更传统的氧化物基载体失败的情况下它们所取得的成功。将从特定化学反应的角度对SiC在催化中的所有应用进行综述，突出使用SiC在活性、选择性和工艺可持续性方面带来的所有改进。我们认为，基于SiC的催化剂生产商和终端用户（即本文作者）的经验观点以及他们对SiC在催化应用方面全面概述的批判性呈现，将有助于读者就SiC在多相催化未来发展中的核心作用形成自己的观点。
