Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne, Germany.
Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne, Germany ; Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma, Japan ; Japan Science and Technology, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology Kawaguchi, Japan.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Feb 25;5:65. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00065. eCollection 2014.
Plants recognize a wide range of microbes with cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. Transmembrane pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate immune responses upon recognition of cognate ligands characteristic of microbes or aberrant cellular states, designated microbe-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), respectively.Pattern-triggered immunity provides a first line of defense that restricts the invasion and propagation of both adapted and non-adapted pathogens. Receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) with an extracellular leucine-rich repeat or lysine-motif (LysM) domain are extensively used as PRRs. The correct folding of the extracellular domain of these receptors is under quality control (QC) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which thus provides a critical step in plant immunity. Genetic and structural insight suggests that ERQC regulates not only the abundance and quality of transmembrane receptors but also affects signal sorting between multi-branched pathways downstream of the receptor. However, ERQC dysfunction can also positively stimulate plant immunity, possibly through cell death and DAMP signaling pathways.
植物利用细胞表面和细胞内的免疫受体来识别广泛的微生物。跨膜模式识别受体（PRR）在识别微生物特有的配体或异常细胞状态的配体时，分别启动免疫反应，这些配体被称为微生物相关分子模式或危险相关分子模式（DAMP）。模式触发的免疫提供了第一道防线，可以限制适应性和非适应性病原体的入侵和传播。具有细胞外富含亮氨酸重复或赖氨酸基序（LysM）结构域的受体激酶（RK）和受体样蛋白（RLP）被广泛用作 PRR。这些受体的细胞外结构域的正确折叠在内质网（ER）中受到质量控制（QC），这为植物免疫提供了一个关键步骤。遗传和结构的见解表明，ERQC 不仅调节跨膜受体的丰度和质量，而且还影响受体下游多分支途径之间的信号分拣。然而，ERQC 功能障碍也可以积极地刺激植物免疫，可能通过细胞死亡和 DAMP 信号通路。
