Amino acid receptors and uptake systems in the mammalian central nervous system.

The inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian central nervous system mediate functionally opposite synaptic responses yet appear to share certain structural features. Recent conceptual advances in this field have relied heavily on information obtained by single channel analyses, by the expression of receptors in oocytes, and by autoradiographic studies of receptor distribution among brain receptors. This article reviews the pharmacology, cellular physiology, and regional distribution of these receptors and discusses their role in several well-characterized neurological disease states. Also reviewed are the recent advances made in purifying (in some instances cloning) the receptors and uptake sites involved in synaptic transmission in the brain. Throughout, the emphasis is on synthesis and concept rather than on methodological detail.