社会和文化因素对抑郁症患者态度、病情披露及休假的重要性：一项关于欧洲七国职场抑郁症的研究结果
Importance of social and cultural factors for attitudes, disclosure and time off work for depression: findings from a seven country European study on depression in the workplace.
作者信息
Evans-Lacko Sara, Knapp Martin
机构信息
Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Mar 12;9(3):e91053. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091053. eCollection 2014.
OBJECTIVES
Depression is experienced by a large proportion of the workforce and associated with high costs to employers and employees. There is little research on how the social costs of depression vary by social and cultural context. This study investigates individual, workplace and societal factors associated with greater perceived discomfort regarding depression in the workplace, greater likelihood of employees taking time off of work as a result of depression and greater likelihood of disclosure of depression to one's employer.
METHODS
Employees and managers (n = 7,065) were recruited from seven European countries to participate in the IDEA survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between individual characteristics and country contextual characteristics in relation to workplace perceptions, likelihood of taking time off work and disclosing depression to an employer.
RESULTS
Our findings suggest that structural factors such as benefit systems and flexible working hours are important for understanding workplace perceptions and consequences for employees with depression. However, manager responses that focus on offering help to the employee with depression appear to have stronger associations with positive perceptions in the workplace, and also with openness and disclosure by employees with depression.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of individual, workplace and societal factors that may be associated with how people with depression are perceived and treated in the workplace, and, hence, factors that may be associated with openness and disclosure among employees with depression. Some responses, such as flexible working hours, may be helpful but are not necessarily sufficient, and our findings also emphasise the importance of support and openness of managers in addition to flexible working hours.
目标
很大一部分劳动力都经历过抑郁症，且这给雇主和员工带来了高昂成本。关于抑郁症的社会成本如何因社会和文化背景而异的研究很少。本研究调查了与在工作场所对抑郁症有更高感知不适、员工因抑郁症而请假的可能性更大以及向雇主披露抑郁症的可能性更大相关的个人、工作场所和社会因素。
方法
从七个欧洲国家招募了员工和管理人员（n = 7065）参与IDEA调查。使用多变量逻辑回归模型来检验个人特征与国家背景特征之间在工作场所认知、请假可能性以及向雇主披露抑郁症方面的关联。
结果
我们的研究结果表明，诸如福利制度和灵活工作时间等结构因素对于理解工作场所认知以及对抑郁症员工的影响很重要。然而，专注于为抑郁症员工提供帮助的管理者反应似乎与工作场所的积极认知以及抑郁症员工的开放性和披露性有更强的关联。
结论
本研究强调了个人、工作场所和社会因素的重要性，这些因素可能与抑郁症患者在工作场所的认知和待遇方式相关，因此也与抑郁症员工的开放性和披露性相关。一些措施，如灵活工作时间，可能会有所帮助，但不一定足够，我们的研究结果还强调了除灵活工作时间外管理者支持和开放性的重要性。
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