Choupina Altino Branco, Estevinho Letícia, Martins Ivone M
CIMO-Mountain Research Center, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia Apartado 1172, 5301-855, Bragança, Portugal,
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 May;98(9):3905-9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5654-2. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
On the north regions of Portugal and Spain, the Castanea sativa Mill. culture is extremely important. The biggest productivity and yield break occurs due to the ink disease, the causal agent being the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. This oomycete is also responsible for the decline of many other plant species in Europe and worldwide. P. cinnamomi and Phytophthora cambivora are considered, by the generality of the authors, as the C. sativa ink disease causal agents. Most Phytophthora species secrete large amounts of elicitins, a group of unique highly conserved proteins that are able to induce hypersensitive response (HR) and enhances plant defense responses in a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) manner against infection by different pathogens. Some other proteins involved in mechanisms of infection by P. cinnamomi were identified by our group: endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (complete cds); exo-glucanase (partial cds) responsible by adhesion, penetration, and colonization of host tissues; glucanase inhibitor protein (GIP) (complete cds) responsible by the suppression of host defense responses; necrosis-inducing Phytophthora protein 1 (NPP1) (partial cds); and transglutaminase (partial cds) which inducts defense responses and disease-like symptoms. In this mini-review, we present some scientifically advanced solutions that can contribute to the resolution of ink disease.
在葡萄牙和西班牙的北部地区，欧洲栗（Castanea sativa Mill.）种植极为重要。由于墨汁病，产量出现最大幅度的下降，其病原体是卵菌纲的樟疫霉（Phytophthora cinnamomi）。这种卵菌还导致了欧洲及全球许多其他植物物种的衰退。大多数作者认为，樟疫霉和食皮疫霉（Phytophthora cambivora）是欧洲栗墨汁病的病原体。大多数疫霉属物种会分泌大量激发素，这是一组独特的高度保守的蛋白质，能够诱导超敏反应（HR），并以系统获得性抗性（SAR）的方式增强植物对不同病原体感染的防御反应。我们团队还鉴定出了一些其他参与樟疫霉感染机制的蛋白质：内切-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶（完整编码序列）；外切葡聚糖酶（部分编码序列），负责宿主组织的黏附、穿透和定殖；葡聚糖酶抑制蛋白（GIP）（完整编码序列），负责抑制宿主防御反应；坏死诱导疫霉蛋白1（NPP1）（部分编码序列）；以及诱导防御反应和类似疾病症状的转谷氨酰胺酶（部分编码序列）。在这篇小型综述中，我们提出了一些科学前沿的解决方案，有助于解决墨汁病问题。
