Nguyen Hai M, Matsumoto Jumpei, Tran Anh H, Ono Taketoshi, Nishijo Hisao
System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Mar 4;8:66. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00066. eCollection 2014.
Previous studies have reported that multiple brain regions are activated during spatial navigation. However, it is unclear whether these activated brain regions are specifically associated with spatial updating or whether some regions are recruited for parallel cognitive processes. The present study aimed to localize current sources of event related potentials (ERPs) associated with spatial updating specifically. In the control phase of the experiment, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded while subjects sequentially traced 10 blue checkpoints on the streets of a virtual town, which were sequentially connected by a green line, by manipulating a joystick. In the test phase of the experiment, the checkpoints and green line were not indicated. Instead, a tone was presented when the subjects entered the reference points where they were then required to trace the 10 invisible spatial reference points corresponding to the checkpoints. The vertex-positive ERPs with latencies of approximately 340 ms from the moment when the subjects entered the unmarked reference points were significantly larger in the test than in the control phases. Current source density analysis of the ERPs by standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) indicated activation of brain regions in the test phase that are associated with place and landmark recognition (entorhinal cortex/hippocampus, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, fusiform, and lingual gyri), detecting self-motion (posterior cingulate and posterior insular cortices), motor planning (superior frontal gyrus, including the medial frontal cortex), and regions that process spatial attention (inferior parietal lobule). The present results provide the first identification of the current sources of ERPs associated with spatial updating, and suggest that multiple systems are active in parallel during spatial updating.
先前的研究报告称，在空间导航过程中多个脑区会被激活。然而，尚不清楚这些被激活的脑区是否与空间更新有特定关联，或者是否有一些区域被用于并行认知过程。本研究旨在专门定位与空间更新相关的事件相关电位（ERP）的当前源。在实验的控制阶段，当受试者通过操纵操纵杆依次追踪虚拟城镇街道上由绿线依次连接的10个蓝色检查点时，记录脑电图（EEG）。在实验的测试阶段，不显示检查点和绿线。相反，当受试者进入参考点时会发出一个音调，然后他们需要追踪与检查点相对应的10个不可见的空间参考点。从受试者进入未标记参考点的时刻起，潜伏期约为340毫秒的头顶正性ERP在测试阶段比在控制阶段显著更大。通过标准化低分辨率脑电磁断层扫描（sLORETA）对ERP进行的电流源密度分析表明，测试阶段与地点和地标识别相关的脑区（内嗅皮质/海马体、海马旁回和压后皮质、梭状回和舌回）、检测自我运动（后扣带回和后岛叶皮质）、运动规划（额上回，包括内侧额叶皮质）以及处理空间注意力的区域（顶下小叶）被激活。本研究结果首次确定了与空间更新相关的ERP的当前源，并表明在空间更新过程中有多个系统并行活跃。
