Wado Yohannes Dibaba, Afework Mesganaw Fantahun, Hindin Michelle J
Department of Population & Family Health, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jan 18;17 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):9. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.17.1.3135. eCollection 2014.
Vaccination can reduce child mortality significantly and is a cost effective way to improve child health.Worldwide, more than 22 million children do not receive the basic recommended vaccinations.Vaccination coverage in Ethiopia remains low. Research on child health has focused on socio-economic factors such as maternal education and access to health care, but little attention has been given to demographic factors and women's autonomy within the household. The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of demographic factors and women's autonomy on the completion of childhood vaccination in rural Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in a Health and Demographic Survelliance System (HDSS) in southwestern Ethiopia. Data were drawn from a random sample of women with children aged 12-24 months (n = 889). Information on maternal socio-demographic characteristics and household variables were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Vaccination data were obtained from vaccination cards or mother's recall. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of independent variables with completion of childhood vaccination.
Of 889 children aged 12-24 months, 690 (78%) had received at least one vaccination. Only 37% (95% CI, 33.5-39.9) were fully vaccinated. Women's decision making autonomy, number of under-five children in the household, mother's education, use of antenatal care services and proximity to health facility were the main factors associated with full vaccination status.
Completion of basic vaccination series is very low in the study area. Initiatives that enhance women's autonomy within the household and that promote healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies may help in improving child health through vaccination.
疫苗接种可显著降低儿童死亡率，是改善儿童健康的一种具有成本效益的方式。在全球范围内，超过2200万儿童未接种基本的推荐疫苗。埃塞俄比亚的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。关于儿童健康的研究主要集中在社会经济因素，如母亲教育程度和获得医疗保健的机会，但很少关注人口因素和家庭中妇女的自主权。本研究的目的是探讨人口因素和妇女自主权对埃塞俄比亚农村地区儿童疫苗接种完成情况的影响。
在埃塞俄比亚西南部的一个健康与人口监测系统（HDSS）中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。数据来自对有12至24个月大孩子的妇女的随机抽样（n = 889）。使用访谈员管理的结构化问卷收集了母亲的社会人口特征和家庭变量信息。疫苗接种数据来自疫苗接种卡或母亲的回忆。采用多变量逻辑回归评估自变量与儿童疫苗接种完成情况之间的关联。
在889名12至24个月大的儿童中，690名（78%）至少接种了一种疫苗。只有37%（95%CI，33.5 - 39.9）的儿童完成了全程接种。妇女的决策自主权、家庭中五岁以下儿童的数量、母亲的教育程度、产前护理服务的使用情况以及与医疗机构的距离是与全程接种状态相关的主要因素。
在研究地区，基本疫苗接种系列的完成率非常低。增强家庭中妇女的自主权以及促进健康的怀孕时间间隔和生育间隔的举措，可能有助于通过疫苗接种改善儿童健康。
