Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charite- Universisitätmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2014 Apr;210(4):790-8. doi: 10.1111/apha.12250.
The cerebral hyperaemia is one of the fundamental mechanisms for the central nervous system homeostasis. Due also to this mechanism, oxygen and nutrients are maintained in satisfactory levels, through vasodilation and vasoconstriction. The brain hyperaemia, or coupling, is accomplished by a group of cells, closely related to each other; called neurovascular unit (NVU). The neurovascular unit is composed by neurones, astrocytes, endothelial cells of blood-brain barrier (BBB), myocytes, pericytes and extracellular matrix components. These cells, through their intimate anatomical and chemical relationship, detect the needs of neuronal supply and trigger necessary responses (vasodilation or vasoconstriction) for such demands. Here, we review the concepts of NVU, the coupling mechanisms and research strategies.
脑充血是中枢神经系统内稳态的基本机制之一。也由于这种机制，通过血管扩张和血管收缩，氧气和营养物质得以维持在令人满意的水平。脑充血或耦合是由一组彼此密切相关的细胞完成的，称为神经血管单元（NVU）。神经血管单元由神经元、星形胶质细胞、血脑屏障（BBB）内皮细胞、心肌细胞、周细胞和细胞外基质成分组成。这些细胞通过其紧密的解剖和化学关系，检测神经元供应的需求，并触发必要的反应（血管扩张或血管收缩）以满足这些需求。在这里，我们回顾了 NVU 的概念、耦合机制和研究策略。
