Beck Stephanie, Schreiber Cécile, Schein Eberhard, Krücken Jürgen, Baldermann Claudia, Pachnicke Stefan, von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg, Kohn Barbara
Clinic of Small Animals, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Clinic of Small Animals, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014 Apr;5(3):336-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.12.009. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
Ticks transmit various important pathogens to humans and animals, and dogs are frequently exposed to tick infestation. The objective of this study was to examine tick infestation and the characteristics of tick prophylaxis of dogs in the Berlin/Brandenburg area. A total of 441 dogs (392 owners) was examined from March 2010 to April 2011. The dog owners participated in the study for a period of 1-13 months (10.33±2.85; median 11.00). The prevalences of a total of 1728 ticks collected from 251 (57%) of these dogs were: 46.0% Ixodes ricinus, 45.1% Dermacentor reticulatus, 8.8% Ixodes hexagonus, and 0.1% Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The ticks were 75.2% adult females and 24.4% adult males, and 0.4% were nymphs. The average prevalence of apparent infestation of tick-positive dogs was 0.78 ticks/month (median 0.38). Tick infestation was highest in October (5.9±5.8 ticks/dog) and lowest in December (1±0 tick/dog). The highest frequency of infestation was observed during May (117 dogs). The number of ticks found on dogs by owners on a single day varied from one to 70 (median 1). The scutal index indicated that more than 60% of I. ricinus and more than 40% of D. reticulatus had been removed after they had fed for more than 2 days. The heads, necks, chests, and limbs of the dogs were the most common attachment sites. Data for tick prophylaxis with substances licensed for dogs by the Medicinal Products Act (MPA) were available for 124 dogs; a total of 1195 ticks was obtained from these dogs. About two-thirds of the ticks were collected from dogs that were treated incorrectly (n=96) or were not treated (n=60). One third of the ticks were collected from dogs (n=96) that had been treated correctly. Dog-specific characteristics such as length of coat (p=0.011) and body size (p=0.040) played significant roles in tick infestation.
蜱虫会将多种重要病原体传播给人类和动物，狗也经常受到蜱虫侵扰。本研究的目的是调查柏林/勃兰登堡地区狗的蜱虫感染情况以及蜱虫预防特征。2010年3月至2011年4月期间，共检查了441只狗（392名主人）。狗主人参与研究的时间为1至13个月（10.33±2.85；中位数为11.00）。从这些狗中的251只（57%）身上共采集到1728只蜱虫，其种类及比例分别为：蓖麻硬蜱46.0%、网纹革蜱45.1%、六角硬蜱8.8%、血红扇头蜱0.1%。蜱虫中成年雌性占75.2%，成年雄性占24.4%，若虫占0.4%。蜱虫检测呈阳性的狗的平均感染率为每月0.78只蜱虫（中位数为0.38）。蜱虫感染在10月份最高（每只狗5.9±5.8只蜱虫），在12月份最低（每只狗1±0只蜱虫）。5月份观察到的感染频率最高（117只狗）。主人在一天内在狗身上发现的蜱虫数量从1只到70只不等（中位数为1只）。盾板指数表明，超过60%的蓖麻硬蜱和超过40%的网纹革蜱在吸血超过2天后已被清除。狗的头部、颈部、胸部和四肢是最常见的附着部位。有124只狗提供了使用《药品法》（MPA）许可的狗用物质进行蜱虫预防的数据；从这些狗身上共获得1195只蜱虫。约三分之二的蜱虫是从治疗不当（n = 96）或未接受治疗（n = 60）的狗身上采集到的。三分之一的蜱虫是从治疗正确的狗（n = 96）身上采集到的。狗的特定特征，如被毛长度（p = 0.011）和体型（p = 0.040）在蜱虫感染中起着重要作用。
