Servicio de Salud Pública, Centro de Área de Salud III, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social de la Región de Murcia, Lorca, Murcia, España.
Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
Arch Bronconeumol. 2014 Aug;50(8):325-31. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
To describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis and analyzing the differences among native and immigrant patients in Area III of the Region of Murcia.
Cohort study of tuberculosis cases reported to the Epidemiological Surveillance Service from 2004 to 2009. Data collection was performed through the System of Notification Diseases, reviewing clinical files and epidemiological surveys.
One hundred sixty two cases were detected; 110 (67.9%) were immigrants, whose incidence rates ranged from 43.4 to 101.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Ecuador (42.7%), Bolivia (30%) and Morocco (18.2%) were the main nationalities. Immigrants were younger than Spanish population (P<.001). The overall diagnostic delay was 50.5 days: 59.5 in Spanish and 47 in foreigners. Moroccans had higher proportions of extrapulmonary TB (P=.02). Mainly, immigrant population took treatment with four drugs (P<.001). Natives had better treatment adherence (P=.04). Spanish cases tuberculosis were associated with smoking (P<.001), the same as alcohol consumption (P=.01) and injection drug use (P<.001), nevertheless in the foreign-born population the most relevant risk factor was overcrowding (P<.001).
The incidence tuberculosis rates are higher among immigrant population, whose the main risk factor is overcrowding. In contrast, Spanish cases are associated with toxic substances consumption and increasing age.
描述穆尔西亚地区三区的结核病流行病学，并分析本地人和移民患者之间的差异。
对 2004 年至 2009 年向流行病学监测服务报告的结核病病例进行队列研究。通过疾病通报系统、查阅临床档案和流行病学调查进行数据收集。
共发现 162 例病例，其中 110 例（67.9%）为移民，其发病率范围为每 100,000 居民 43.4 至 101.2 例。厄瓜多尔（42.7%）、玻利维亚（30%）和摩洛哥（18.2%）是主要的移民来源国。移民比西班牙人口年轻（P<.001）。总体诊断延迟为 50.5 天：西班牙人为 59.5 天，外国人则为 47 天。摩洛哥人更有可能患有肺外结核病（P=.02）。主要是，移民人群接受了四联药物治疗（P<.001）。本地人治疗的依从性更好（P=.04）。西班牙的结核病病例与吸烟（P<.001）、饮酒（P=.01）和注射毒品使用（P<.001）有关，而在移民人群中，最相关的风险因素是过度拥挤（P<.001）。
移民人群的结核病发病率较高，其主要风险因素是过度拥挤。相比之下，西班牙的结核病病例与有毒物质的使用和年龄的增加有关。
