Lobeck-Luchterhand K M, Silva P R B, Chebel R C, Endres M I
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2800-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7401. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
The objective of the current study was to determine whether providing stable pen management affected displacements from the feed bunk and feeding behavior of prepartum dairy cows. Two hundred and twenty-four nonlactating Jersey primiparous and multiparous cows were enrolled in the study. The 2 treatments were all-in-all-out (AIAO; 44 cows were moved into the close-up prepartum pen as 1 group, with no additions during the 5-wk repetition) or traditional (TRD; with weekly entrance of new cows to maintain a pen density of 44 cows). Cows (253 ± 3 d of gestation) were balanced for parity and projected 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield and assigned randomly to either AIAO or TRD treatments. At enrollment, cows with a body condition score <2 or >4 (1-5 scale; 1 = emaciated and 5 = obese) or with a locomotion score >3 (1-5 scale; 1 = normal gait and 5 = severely lame) were not included. Displacements from the feed bunk were measured weekly for both treatments when TRD cows were moved into the close-up pen (d 0) and additionally on d 1, 2, 3, and 7 for 3h after fresh feed delivery. A displacement rate was created to take into account differences in stocking density throughout the experiment. Displacement rate was calculated as the number of displacements divided by the number of cows in the pen at that time. Feeding behavior was measured using video 10-min scan sampling for 24-h periods at d 0, 1, 2, and 7. Displacements and feeding behavior were recorded for all 5 wk of each repetition. Treatment × week interactions were detected for number of displacements and displacement rate. The TRD treatment had more displacements from the feed bunk than AIAO in wk 1, 3, and 5, with no differences in wk 2 and 4. Similarly, the TRD treatment had a greater displacement rate than the AIAO treatment in wk 1 and 5, with a tendency in wk 3. No differences between the treatments were detected in wk 2 and 4. A treatment × week interaction existed for feeding time. Cows housed in the AIAO treatment had longer average feeding times in wk 2 with a tendency in wk 3, but spent 39 fewer minutes eating than those in the TRD treatment during the wk 1 of the study. Housing prepartum close-up cows with stable pen management reduced displacements from the feed bunk and altered average daily feeding times.
本研究的目的是确定提供稳定的牛栏管理是否会影响围产期奶牛离开采食槽的次数以及采食行为。224头未产奶的泽西初产和经产奶牛参与了本研究。两种处理方式分别为全进全出（AIAO；44头奶牛作为一组被转移至围产期临近的牛栏，在5周的重复期内不再添加新牛）和传统方式（TRD；每周引入新牛以保持44头牛的栏舍密度）。奶牛（妊娠253±3天）按胎次和预计的305天成熟当量产奶量进行均衡，并随机分配至AIAO或TRD处理组。入组时，体况评分<2或>4（1 - 5分制；1 = 消瘦，5 = 肥胖）或运动评分>3（1 - 5分制；1 = 正常步态，5 = 严重跛行）的奶牛不纳入研究。在TRD组奶牛转入围产期临近牛栏时（第0天），对两种处理方式的奶牛每周测量一次离开采食槽的次数，并且在新鲜饲料投喂后3小时，于第1、2、3和7天额外进行测量。为了考虑整个实验期间饲养密度的差异，创建了一个转移率。转移率的计算方法是转移次数除以当时栏舍内奶牛的数量。在第0、1、2和7天，使用视频进行10分钟扫描采样，在24小时内测量采食行为。每次重复的5周内都记录转移次数和采食行为。在转移次数和转移率方面检测到处理×周的交互作用。在第1、3和5周，TRD处理方式下奶牛离开采食槽的次数比AIAO处理方式更多，在第2和4周无差异。同样，在第1和5周，TRD处理方式的转移率高于AIAO处理方式，在第3周有此趋势。在第2和4周未检测到两种处理方式之间的差异。在采食时间方面存在处理×周的交互作用。采用AIAO处理方式饲养的奶牛在第2周平均采食时间较长，在第3周有此趋势，但在研究的第1周，其采食时间比采用TRD处理方式的奶牛少39分钟。采用稳定牛栏管理方式饲养围产期临近的奶牛可减少离开采食槽的次数，并改变平均每日采食时间。
