Murtaugh Michael P
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2014 Jun 15;159(3-4):202-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Feb 23.
In veterinary animal species, vaccines are the primary tool for disease prevention, a key tool for treatment of infection, and essential for helping maintain animal welfare and productivity. Traditional vaccine development by trial-and-error has achieved many successes. However, effective vaccines that provide solid cross-protective immunity with excellent safety are still needed for many diseases. The path to development of vaccines against difficult pathogens requires recognition of uniquely evolved immunological interactions of individual animal hosts and their specific pathogens. Here, general principles that currently guide veterinary immunology and vaccinology research are reviewed, with an emphasis on examples from swine. Advances in genomics and proteomics now provide the community with powerful tools for elucidation of regulatory and effector mechanisms of protective immunity that provide new opportunities for successful translation of immunological discoveries into safe and effective vaccines.
在兽医动物物种中，疫苗是疾病预防的主要工具、感染治疗的关键工具，对于帮助维持动物健康和生产力至关重要。通过反复试验进行的传统疫苗研发已取得诸多成功。然而，对于许多疾病而言，仍需要能提供可靠交叉保护免疫且安全性极佳的有效疫苗。针对难对付病原体研发疫苗的途径需要认识到个体动物宿主与其特定病原体独特进化的免疫相互作用。在此，回顾目前指导兽医免疫学和疫苗学研究的一般原则，重点列举猪的相关例子。基因组学和蛋白质组学的进展现在为该领域提供了强大工具，用于阐明保护性免疫的调节和效应机制，为将免疫学发现成功转化为安全有效的疫苗提供了新机遇。
