The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
Water Res. 2014 May 15;55:272-9. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.035. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Creatinine was proposed to be used as a population normalising factor in sewage epidemiology but its stability in the sewer system has not been assessed. This study thus aimed to evaluate the fate of creatinine under different sewer conditions using laboratory sewer reactors. The results showed that while creatinine was stable in wastewater only, it degraded quickly in reactors with the presence of sewer biofilms. The degradation followed first order kinetics with significantly higher rate in rising main condition than in gravity sewer condition. Additionally, daily loads of creatinine were determined in wastewater samples collected on Census day from 10 wastewater treatment plants around Australia. The measured loads of creatinine from those samples were much lower than expected and did not correlate with the populations across the sampled treatment plants. The results suggested that creatinine may not be a suitable biomarker for population normalisation purpose in sewage epidemiology, especially in sewer catchment with high percentage of rising mains.
肌酸酐曾被提议作为污水流行病学中的人群归一化因子，但它在污水系统中的稳定性尚未得到评估。因此，本研究旨在使用实验室污水反应器评估肌酸酐在不同污水条件下的命运。结果表明，肌酸酐仅在废水中稳定，而在存在污水生物膜的反应器中则迅速降解。降解遵循一级动力学，在立管条件下的降解速率明显高于重力污水条件。此外，还从澳大利亚各地的 10 个污水处理厂在人口普查日收集的污水样本中确定了肌酸酐的日负荷。从这些样本中测量到的肌酸酐负荷远低于预期，并且与采样处理厂的人口无关。结果表明，肌酸酐在污水流行病学中可能不是用于人群归一化的合适生物标志物，特别是在立管比例较高的污水集水区。
