School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China.
School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China.
Water Res. 2014 May 15;55:313-22. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.039. Epub 2014 Mar 1.
The interaction forces between effluent organic matter (EfOM) fractions and membrane were measured by atomic force microscopy in conjunction with self-made membrane material colloidal probes. The inter-EfOM-fraction and intra-EfOM-fraction interactions were investigated using corresponding EfOM-fraction-coated colloidal probe. We combined this analysis with corresponding fouling experiments to identify the EfOM fractions responsible for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane fouling. Results show that hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions were the dominant fractions responsible for membrane fouling and flux decline in the initial and later filtration stages, respectively, which was mainly attributed to the stronger PVDF-hydrophilic fraction and intra-hydrophobic-fraction interaction forces. This phenomenon, in conjunction with the fact that each interaction force of PVDF-EfOM fraction was stronger than corresponding intra-EfOM-fraction force, suggests that the elimination of the PVDF-hydrophilic fraction interaction force is the best strategy for controlling EfOM fouling. Moreover, the inter-EfOM-fraction interaction force was mainly controlled by the corresponding intra-EfOM-fraction interaction forces. And, while the membrane-EfOM fraction and intra-EfOM-fraction interactions for each type of EfOM fraction are equivalent, the EfOM fractions with the molecular weight smaller than the molecular weight cutoff of the membranes used were mainly responsible for membrane fouling rather than the relatively high-molecular-weight fractions.
采用原子力显微镜结合自制膜材料胶体探针，测定了废水中有机物（EfOM）各组分与膜之间的相互作用力。利用相应的 EfOM 组分涂覆胶体探针，研究了各 EfOM 组分之间的相互作用和 EfOM 组分内的相互作用。将这一分析与相应的污染实验相结合，以确定导致聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜污染的 EfOM 组分。结果表明，亲水性和疏水性组分分别是导致初始和后期过滤阶段膜污染和通量下降的主要组分，这主要归因于较强的 PVDF-亲水性组分和内疏水性组分之间的相互作用力。这种现象，以及每个 EfOM 与 PVDF 相互作用力均强于相应的内 EfOM 相互作用力的事实表明，消除 PVDF-亲水性组分相互作用力是控制 EfOM 污染的最佳策略。此外，EfOM 各组分之间的相互作用力主要受相应的内 EfOM 相互作用力的控制。而且，虽然每种 EfOM 组分的膜-EfOM 相互作用和内 EfOM 相互作用都相当，但分子量小于所用膜的分子量截止值的 EfOM 组分主要导致膜污染，而不是相对高分子量的组分。
