Hofer Annette, Wenz Tina
Institute for Genetics and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
Institute for Genetics and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674 Cologne, Germany; The German Network for Mitochondrial Disorders (mitoNET), Germany.
Exp Gerontol. 2014 Aug;56:202-20. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.006. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
Mitochondria not only form the metabolic hub, but also are crucial players in many cellular pathways, like apoptosis and innate immune response, putting the organelle in a central position in controlling cellular function and fate. As novel and powerful regulators of mitochondrial processes and hence mitochondrial-controlled pathways, post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged in the last years. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge on PTMs occurring in mammalian mitochondria with a focus on phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation and ubiquitination. We will highlight their regulatory role in metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis as well as communicating element to cellular stress response pathways such as the immune response. Finally, we will discuss open questions in this exciting research area and point out how mitochondrial PTMs might impact age-associated pathologies.
线粒体不仅是代谢枢纽，也是许多细胞通路（如细胞凋亡和固有免疫反应）中的关键参与者，使该细胞器在控制细胞功能和命运方面处于核心地位。作为线粒体过程以及因此线粒体控制通路的新型强大调节因子，翻译后修饰（PTMs）在过去几年中逐渐出现。在本综述中，我们将总结哺乳动物线粒体中发生的翻译后修饰的当前知识状态，重点关注磷酸化、乙酰化、琥珀酰化和泛素化。我们将强调它们在代谢、自噬和细胞凋亡中的调节作用，以及作为与细胞应激反应通路（如免疫反应）的通讯元件的作用。最后，我们将讨论这个令人兴奋的研究领域中的开放性问题，并指出线粒体翻译后修饰可能如何影响与年龄相关的病理学。
