de Freitas C R, Grigorieva E A
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
Int J Biometeorol. 2014 Dec;58(10):2129-37. doi: 10.1007/s00484-014-0813-9. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
During acclimatization to heat and cold, the body experiences additional thermally induced physiological strain. The first signs show up in the respiratory organs because respiration is a continuous heat exchange process in which the body is in closest contact with the ambient air. There are no behavioral or other adjustments to prevent the ambient air from entering into the body's core area through the respiratory tract. The Acclimatization Thermal Strain Index (ATSI) describes the acclimatization thermal loading (ATL) on respiratory organs until full adaptation is achieved. The aim here is to further assess the ATSI scheme using a range of actual but contrasting bioclimatic conditions. To simulate ATL, scenarios of the consequences of acclimatization due to movement to or from five contrasting climates are used. The results show that adjusting to cold comes with greater physiological strain than adjusting to heat, the biggest impact occurring for a change of location from hot-humid to cold-dry climatic conditions. The approach can be used to assess risks due to increases in short-term thermal variability in weather conditions such as encountered during heat waves and cold snaps. The information could also be useful for assessing the need for public health services and measures that might be used to help mitigate impacts.
在适应炎热和寒冷的过程中，身体会经历额外的热诱导生理应激。最初的迹象出现在呼吸器官，因为呼吸是一个持续的热交换过程，在此过程中身体与周围空气密切接触。没有行为或其他调整措施来防止周围空气通过呼吸道进入身体核心区域。适应热应激指数（ATSI）描述了在实现完全适应之前呼吸器官上的适应热负荷（ATL）。此处的目的是使用一系列实际但对比鲜明的生物气候条件进一步评估ATSI方案。为了模拟ATL，使用了因往返于五种对比鲜明的气候而产生的适应后果的情景。结果表明，适应寒冷比适应炎热带来更大的生理应激，最大的影响发生在从炎热潮湿气候转变为寒冷干燥气候的情况下。该方法可用于评估因热浪和寒潮期间遇到的天气条件下短期热变异性增加而带来风险。这些信息也可能有助于评估对公共卫生服务的需求以及可能用于帮助减轻影响的措施。
