Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany.
Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2014 Apr;37(4):219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Alcohol is frequently consumed for stress relief, but the individual determinants and the temporal course of stress-induced alcohol use are not well understood. Preclinical studies may help shed light on these factors. We synthesize here the findings from numerous rodent studies of stress and alcohol interactions. Stress-induced alcohol consumption is age-dependent, has a high genetic load, and results from an interaction of the stress and reward systems. Specifically, glucocorticoids, acting within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), are important mediators of this stress-induced alcohol intake. In addition, increased activation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system within the extended amygdala appears to mediate stress-induced relapse. Finally, these preclinical studies have helped to identify several attractive targets for novel treatments of alcohol abuse and addiction.
酒精常被用来缓解压力，但压力导致饮酒的个体决定因素和时程尚不清楚。临床前研究可能有助于阐明这些因素。我们在这里综合了许多关于应激和酒精相互作用的啮齿动物研究结果。应激诱导的酒精消费是年龄依赖性的，具有很高的遗传负荷，是应激和奖励系统相互作用的结果。具体来说，糖皮质激素在伏隔核（NAc）内起作用，是这种应激诱导的酒精摄入的重要介质。此外，杏仁核延伸区促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）系统的激活增加似乎介导了应激诱导的复发。最后，这些临床前研究有助于确定几种有吸引力的治疗酒精滥用和成瘾的新靶点。
