Fusaro Maria, Vallotton Claire D, Harris Paul L
San Jose State University, United States.
Michigan State University, United States.
Infant Behav Dev. 2014 May;37(2):235-47. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Mar 15.
Understanding the context for children's social learning and language acquisition requires consideration of caregivers' multi-modal (speech, gesture) messages. Though young children can interpret both manual and head gestures, little research has examined the communicative input that children receive via parents' head gestures. We longitudinally examined the frequency and communicative functions of mothers' head nodding and head shaking gestures during laboratory play sessions for 32 mother-child dyads, when the children were 14, 20, and 30 months of age. The majority of mothers produced head nods more frequently than head shakes. Both gestures contributed to mothers' verbal attempts at behavior regulation and dialog. Mothers' head nods primarily conveyed agreement with, and attentiveness to, children's utterances, and accompanied affirmative statements and yes/no questions. Mothers' head shakes primarily conveyed prohibitions and statements with negations. Changes over time appeared to reflect corresponding developmental changes in social and communicative dimensions of caregiver-child interaction. Directions for future research are discussed regarding the role of head gesture input in socialization and in supporting language development.
理解儿童社会学习和语言习得的背景需要考虑照顾者的多模态（言语、手势）信息。虽然幼儿能够解读手部和头部手势，但很少有研究考察儿童通过父母头部手势所接收的交际输入。我们对32对母婴进行了纵向研究，观察在实验室玩耍环节中，当孩子分别为14、20和30个月大时，母亲点头和摇头手势的频率及交际功能。大多数母亲点头的频率高于摇头。这两种手势都有助于母亲在行为调节和对话方面的言语尝试。母亲的点头主要传达对孩子话语的认同和关注，并伴随肯定陈述及是非问题。母亲的摇头主要传达禁令和否定陈述。随着时间的推移，这些变化似乎反映了照顾者与孩子互动的社会和交际维度中相应的发展变化。文中讨论了未来研究的方向，涉及头部手势输入在社会化和支持语言发展中的作用。
