Chimento Adele, Sirianni Rosa, Casaburi Ivan, Pezzi Vincenzo
Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria , Cosenza , Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Mar 6;5:30. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00030. eCollection 2014.
Estrogens play important roles in the regulation of testis development and spermatogenesis. Moreover, several evidences suggest that estrogen signaling can be involved in testicular tumorigenesis. The physiological effects of estrogen are mediated by the classical nuclear estrogen receptors ESR1 and 2, which regulate both genomic and rapid signaling events. In the recent years, a member of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR30 (GPER), has been identified to promote estrogen action in target cells including testicular cells. Ours and other studies reported that GPER is expressed in normal germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids), somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells), and it is also involved in mediating estrogen action during spermatogenesis and testis development. In addition, GPER seems to be involved in modulating estrogen-dependent testicular cancer cell growth. However, in this context, the effects of GPER stimulation on cell survival and proliferation appear to be cell type specific. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functions regulated by estrogens and mediated by GPER in normal and tumor testicular cells.
雌激素在睾丸发育和精子发生的调节中发挥着重要作用。此外，多项证据表明雌激素信号传导可能参与睾丸肿瘤的发生。雌激素的生理作用由经典的核雌激素受体ESR1和ESR2介导，它们调节基因组和快速信号事件。近年来，七跨膜G蛋白偶联受体家族的成员GPR30（GPER）已被确定可促进雌激素在包括睾丸细胞在内的靶细胞中的作用。我们和其他研究报告称，GPER在正常生殖细胞（精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞）、体细胞（支持细胞和间质细胞）中表达，并且它还参与精子发生和睾丸发育过程中雌激素作用的介导。此外，GPER似乎参与调节雌激素依赖性睾丸癌细胞的生长。然而，在这种情况下，GPER刺激对细胞存活和增殖的影响似乎具有细胞类型特异性。本综述总结了目前关于雌激素调节以及由GPER介导的正常和肿瘤睾丸细胞功能的知识。
