Tan Bing, Wang Tie-Yu, Pang Bo, Zhu Zhao-Yun, Wang Dao-Han, Lü Yong-Long
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Dec;34(12):4577-84.
A method for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air by summa canister collecting and gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy detecting was adopted. Pollution condition and characteristics of VOCs were discussed in three representative pesticide factories in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Meanwhile, an internationally recognized four-step evaluation model of health risk assessment was applied to preliminarily assess the health risk caused by atmospheric VOCs in different exposure ways, inhalation and dermal exposure. Results showed that serious total VOCs pollution existed in all factories. Concentrations of n-hexane (6161.90-6910.00 microg x m(-3)), benzene (126.00-179.30 microg x m(-3)) and 1,3-butadiene (115.00-177.30 microg x m(-3)) exceeded the Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentrations recommended by USEPA, corresponding to 700, 30 and 2 microg x m(-3), respectively. Concentration of dichloromethane (724.00 microg x m(-3)) in factory B was also higher than the reference concentration (600 microg x m(-3)). Results of health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risk indexes of VOCs ranged from 1.00E-04 to 1.00E + 00 by inhalation exposure, and 1.00E-09 to 1.00E-05 by dermal exposure. Risk indexes of n-hexane and dichloromethane by inhalation exposure in all factories exceeded 1, and risk index of benzene by inhalation in factory B was also higher than 1. Carcinogenic risk indexes exposed to VOCs ranged from 1.00E-08 to 1.00E-03 by inhalation exposure and 1. oo00E -13 to 1.00E-08 by dermal exposure. Cancer risk of 1,3-butadiene by inhalation exceeded 1.0E-04, which lead to definite risk, and those of benzene by inhalation also exceeded the maximum allowable level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (5.0E-05). The risks of dermal exposure presented the same trend as inhalation exposure, but the level was much lower than that of inhalation exposure. Thus, inhalation exposure of atmospheric VOCs was the dominant way of health risk in these factories.
采用苏码罐采样-气相色谱/质谱联用测定空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的方法，对河北省张家口市3家典型农药厂的VOCs污染状况及特征进行了探讨。同时，运用国际上认可的健康风险评估四步法，初步评估了大气VOCs在吸入和皮肤接触两种不同暴露途径下对人体健康造成的风险。结果表明，各厂均存在较为严重的总VOCs污染。正己烷（6161.90～6910.00 μg·m⁻³）、苯（126.00～179.30 μg·m⁻³）和1,3 - 丁二烯（115.00～177.30 μg·m⁻³）的浓度均超过了美国环境保护局（USEPA）推荐的慢性吸入参考浓度，分别为700、30和2 μg·m⁻³。B厂二氯甲烷浓度（724.00 μg·m⁻³）也高于参考浓度（600 μg·m⁻³）。健康风险评估结果显示，VOCs经吸入暴露的非致癌风险指数范围为1.00E - 04至1.00E + 00，经皮肤暴露的非致癌风险指数范围为1.00E - 09至1.00E - 05。各厂经吸入暴露的正己烷和二氯甲烷风险指数均大于1，B厂经吸入暴露的苯风险指数也大于1。VOCs经吸入暴露的致癌风险指数范围为1.00E - 08至1.00E - 03，经皮肤暴露的致癌风险指数范围为1.00E - 13至1.00E - 08。经吸入暴露的1,3 - 丁二烯致癌风险超过1.0E - 04，存在明确风险，经吸入暴露的苯致癌风险也超过了国际放射防护委员会推荐的最大允许水平（5.0E - 05）。皮肤暴露风险与吸入暴露呈现相同趋势，但风险水平远低于吸入暴露。因此，大气VOCs的吸入暴露是这些工厂健康风险的主要途径。
