Manzetti Sergio, van der Spoel E Roos, van der Spoel David
Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala , Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 May 19;27(5):713-37. doi: 10.1021/tx500014w. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Industrialism has brought a long series of benefits for modern civilization. Concomitantly, reversible and irreversible changes have been inflicted upon the environment, affecting humans, animals, and whole ecosystems and leading to effects such as declining reproduction in modern human beings, developmental challenges on various species, and destroyed habitats and ecosystems across the globe. In this context, a vast repertoire of modern and older literature is reviewed for a series of pollutants and their status as of 2014. The compound classes covered in this review are polychlorinated biphenyls, halogenated hydrocarbons, estrogen analogues, phthalates, dioxins, perfluorinated compounds, and brominated flame retardants. These groups represent ubiquitous pollutants, of which some have circulated in the environment for more than 60 years. In this context, this review describes the chemical properties, the environmental fate, and the toxicological effects of these classes of pollutants on humans and animals, including an introductory section on the detoxification systems that are triggered in most species upon intoxication. This combined review of in vivo transformation, chemistry, toxicological properties, and structure-activity relationships of pollutants aids in the understanding of the fate, biomagnification, bioaccumulation, and transformation of these compounds, which is essential for toxicologists, environmental scientists, and environmental legislators. The review is concluded with an outlook.
工业主义给现代文明带来了一系列长期的益处。与此同时，环境遭受了可逆和不可逆的变化，影响着人类、动物以及整个生态系统，导致了诸如现代人类生殖能力下降、各种物种面临发育挑战以及全球栖息地和生态系统遭到破坏等后果。在此背景下，本文回顾了大量现代及早期文献中关于一系列污染物及其2014年状况的内容。本综述涵盖的化合物类别有多氯联苯、卤代烃、雌激素类似物、邻苯二甲酸盐、二恶英、全氟化合物和溴化阻燃剂。这些类别代表了普遍存在的污染物，其中一些已在环境中循环超过60年。在此背景下，本综述描述了这些污染物类别的化学性质、环境归宿以及对人类和动物的毒理学影响，包括一个关于大多数物种中毒后触发的解毒系统的介绍性章节。对污染物的体内转化、化学、毒理学性质以及构效关系进行的综合综述有助于理解这些化合物的归宿、生物放大、生物累积和转化，这对毒理学家、环境科学家和环境立法者来说至关重要。综述最后给出了展望。
