University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
Anaerobe. 2014 Jun;27:31-3. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.03.002. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
As Clostridium difficile spores are resistant to many household cleaning products, the potential for community household contamination is high. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile from environmental sources from a large urban area. Three to 5 household items or environmental dust was collected from 30 houses in Houston, Texas. A total of 127 environmental samples were collected from shoe bottoms (n = 63), bathroom surfaces (n = 15), house floor dusts (n = 12), or other household surfaces (n = 37). Forty one of 127 samples (32.3%) grew C. difficile. All 41 isolates were positive for toxin A and B genes and no isolate was positive for binary toxin genes. Shoe bottom swab samples had the highest percent of positive samples (25/63; 39.7%) followed by bathroom/toilet surfaces (5/15; 33.3%), house floor dust (4/12; 33.3%), and other surface swabs (7/37; 18.9%). Strains were grouped into 25 different ribotypes, the most prevalent type was 001 (5 strains). In conclusion, a high rate of environmental contamination of C. difficile was observed from community households from a large urban area.
艰难梭菌孢子对许多家用清洁产品具有抗性，因此社区家庭污染的可能性很高。本研究的目的是评估来自大城市地区环境来源的产毒艰难梭菌的流行率。从德克萨斯州休斯顿的 30 所房屋中收集了 3 到 5 件家用物品或环境灰尘。共从鞋底（n=63）、浴室表面（n=15）、房屋地板灰尘（n=12）或其他家庭表面（n=37）采集了 127 个环境样本。在 127 个样本中有 41 个（32.3%）生长艰难梭菌。所有 41 株分离株均对毒素 A 和 B 基因呈阳性，没有分离株对二元毒素基因呈阳性。鞋底拭子样本的阳性样本百分比最高（25/63；39.7%），其次是浴室/厕所表面（5/15；33.3%）、房屋地板灰尘（4/12；33.3%）和其他表面拭子（7/37；18.9%）。菌株被分为 25 种不同的核糖体分型，最常见的类型是 001（5 株）。总之，从大城市社区家庭中观察到艰难梭菌的环境污染率很高。
