Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jun 1;482-483:252-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.006. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
The use of seaweed fertilisers in sports green maintenance has become a common practice across the globe due to its image as an "eco-friendly" alternative to chemical fertilisers. The aim of this study was to characterise the risk of human exposure to arsenic (As), via dermal absorption, from golfing activities on a private golf course in the UK, where As contaminated seaweed fertiliser (~100mg/kg d.wt.) is applied. This was fulfilled by, 1) determining As concentrations in shallow soils with GIS geo-statistical analysis, 2) measuring As concentrations from an on-site borehole groundwater well, and (3) developing a risk assessment calculation for golfing activities based on field and questionnaire data. Total As concentrations in shallow soils were less than the UK threshold for domestic soils, however, frequent and sustained dermal contact between site-users and surface soil attributed to a maximum carcinogenic risk value of 2.75×10(-4), which is in the upper limit of the acceptable risk range. Arsenic concentrations in underlying groundwater exceeded the WHO's permissible drinking water standard, demonstrating the risk of groundwater contamination following the application of seaweed fertiliser to golf course soils. This is the first risk study on dermal As absorption via the application of a seaweed fertiliser.
由于海藻肥料被视为化学肥料的“环保”替代品，因此在全球范围内，将其用于运动草坪养护已成为一种常见做法。本研究的目的是描述在英国的一个私人高尔夫球场上，通过高尔夫球活动经皮肤吸收砷（As）的风险，该高尔夫球场使用了受污染的海藻肥料（~100mg/kg 干重）。这是通过以下方法实现的：1）通过 GIS 地统计分析确定浅层土壤中的 As 浓度，2）测量现场钻孔地下水井中的 As 浓度，以及 3）根据现场和问卷调查数据，对高尔夫球活动进行风险评估计算。浅层土壤中的总 As 浓度低于英国国内土壤的阈值，然而，由于场地使用者与表层土壤之间频繁且持续的皮肤接触，导致致癌风险值达到了 2.75×10(-4)，这处于可接受风险范围的上限。地下水的砷浓度超过了世卫组织的可饮用水标准，表明在向高尔夫球场土壤施用海藻肥料后，地下水受到污染的风险。这是首次对通过施用海藻肥料经皮肤吸收砷进行的风险研究。
