Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Appetite. 2014 Jul;78:110-21. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.015. Epub 2014 Mar 22.
Despite their expanding role in child rearing, fathers are underrepresented in child feeding research. To address this knowledge gap and encourage father-focused research, this review compiles child feeding research that has included fathers and (i) documents characteristics of studies assessing fathers' feeding practices including study design, setting, recruitment strategies, participant characteristics, theoretical models utilized and measures of child feeding, (ii) outlines general patterns in fathers' feeding practices along with similarities and differences in mothers' and fathers' feeding practices, (iii) summarizes evidence on child and parent correlates of fathers' feeding practices and (iv) generates future research recommendations. A literature review of relevant articles published up to February 2014 was conducted. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: (i) included fathers, or primary male caregivers, of children 2-18 years of age, (ii) measured fathers' child feeding practices or perceived role in child feeding through objective (e.g., meal observations) or subjective (i.e., fathers' self-report) methods, (iii) analyzed and presented data on fathers separately from mothers and (iv) were published in a peer reviewed journal in the English language. Twenty studies met eligibility criteria. Few studies included an operational definition of "father". Samples were generally small and focused on white, well-educated fathers, cohabiting with the child's mother. Most studies utilized self-report measures of child feeding practices that have not been validated specifically for use with fathers. Pressuring children to eat was a common feeding strategy adopted by fathers. Some differences were noted in mothers' and fathers' feeding practices; fathers were generally less likely to monitor children's food intake and to limit access to food compared with mothers. Child adiposity and a range of child and parent characteristics were associated with fathers' feeding practices. The literature on fathers' child feeding practices is scant. This review consolidates what is known to date and highlights focal areas for future research including the need to recruit diverse samples of fathers and utilize measures validated for use with fathers.
尽管父亲在育儿方面的作用不断扩大，但在儿童喂养研究中，他们的代表性仍然不足。为了填补这一知识空白并鼓励以父亲为重点的研究，本综述汇集了包含父亲的儿童喂养研究，（i）记录了评估父亲喂养实践特征的研究，包括研究设计、设置、招募策略、参与者特征、使用的理论模型以及儿童喂养的测量方法，（ii）概述了父亲喂养实践的一般模式，以及母亲和父亲喂养实践的相似之处和不同之处，（iii）总结了与父亲喂养实践相关的儿童和父母的证据，以及（iv）提出了未来的研究建议。对截至 2014 年 2 月发表的相关文章进行了文献回顾。如果研究符合以下标准，则有资格入选：（i）包括 2-18 岁儿童的父亲或主要男性照顾者，（ii）通过客观（例如，进餐观察）或主观（即父亲自我报告）方法测量父亲的儿童喂养实践或在儿童喂养中的角色，（iii）分析和呈现父亲的数据与母亲分开，以及（iv）以英文在同行评审的期刊上发表。有 20 项研究符合入选标准。很少有研究对“父亲”给出了操作性定义。样本通常较小，且主要集中在与孩子母亲同住、受过良好教育的白人父亲。大多数研究都使用了未经专门针对父亲验证的儿童喂养实践自我报告测量方法。强迫孩子进食是父亲常用的喂养策略。母亲和父亲的喂养实践存在一些差异；与母亲相比，父亲通常较少监测孩子的食物摄入量和限制食物的获取。儿童肥胖症和一系列儿童和父母的特征与父亲的喂养实践有关。关于父亲儿童喂养实践的文献很少。本综述总结了迄今为止的知识，并强调了未来研究的重点领域，包括需要招募多样化的父亲样本并使用针对父亲验证的测量方法。
