MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Mar 28;63(12):253-9.
Cancer has many causes, some of which can, at least in part, be avoided through interventions known to reduce cancer risk. Healthy People 2020 objectives call for reducing colorectal cancer incidence to 38.6 per 100,000 persons, reducing late-stage breast cancer incidence to 41.0 per 100,000 women, and reducing cervical cancer incidence to 7.1 per 100,000 women. To assess progress toward reaching these Healthy People 2020 targets, CDC analyzed data from U.S. Cancer Statistics (USCS) for 2010. USCS includes incidence data from CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. In 2010, a total of 1,456,496 invasive cancers were reported to cancer registries in the United States (excluding Arkansas and Minnesota), an annual incidence rate of 446 cases per 100,000 persons, compared with 459 in 2009. Cancer incidence rates were higher among men (503) than women (405), highest among blacks (455), and ranged by state from 380 to 511 per 100,000 persons. Many factors, including tobacco use, obesity, insufficient physical activity, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, contribute to the risk for developing cancer, and differences in cancer incidence indicate differences in the prevalence of these risk factors. These differences can be reduced through policy approaches such as the Affordable Care Act, which could increase access for millions of persons to appropriate and timely cancer preventive services, including help with smoking cessation, cancer screening, and vaccination against HPV.
癌症有很多成因，其中一些可以通过已知的降低癌症风险的干预措施来避免。《健康人民 2020》的目标要求将结直肠癌发病率降低到每 10 万人 38.6 例，将晚期乳腺癌发病率降低到每 10 万人 41.0 例，将宫颈癌发病率降低到每 10 万人 7.1 例。为了评估在实现这些《健康人民 2020》目标方面的进展，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2010 年美国癌症统计（USCS）的数据。USCS 包括疾病预防控制中心国家癌症登记处和国家癌症研究所监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）计划的发病率数据，以及国家生命统计系统的死亡率数据。2010 年，向美国癌症登记处报告了共计 1,456,496 例侵袭性癌症（不包括阿肯色州和明尼苏达州），年发病率为每 10 万人 446 例，而 2009 年为每 10 万人 459 例。癌症发病率男性（503 例）高于女性（405 例），黑人（455 例）最高，各州发病率从每 10 万人 380 例到 511 例不等。许多因素，包括烟草使用、肥胖、身体活动不足和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染，都会增加患癌症的风险，而癌症发病率的差异表明这些风险因素的流行程度存在差异。通过《平价医疗法案》等政策方法可以减少这些差异，该法案可以为数百万人提供获得适当和及时的癌症预防服务的机会，包括帮助戒烟、癌症筛查和 HPV 疫苗接种。
