Henley S Jane, Singh Simple D, King Jessica, Wilson Reda J, O'Neil Mary Elizabeth, Ryerson A Blythe
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Jan 27;66(3):69-75. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6603a1.
Although cancer represents many heterogeneous diseases, some cancer types share common risk factors. For example, conclusive evidence links cancer at multiple sites with tobacco use, alcohol use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, excess body weight, and physical inactivity (1,2). To monitor changes in cancer incidence and assess progress toward achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives,* CDC analyzed data from the U.S. Cancer Statistics (USCS) data set for 2013, the most recent year for which incidence and survival data are available. In 2013, a total of 1,559,130 invasive cancers were reported to cancer registries in the United States (excluding Nevada), for an annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 439 cases per 100,000 persons. Cancer incidence rates were higher among males (479) than females (413), highest among blacks (444), and ranged by state from 364 (New Mexico) to 512 (Kentucky) per 100,000 persons (359 in Puerto Rico). The proportion of persons with cancer who survived ≥5 years after diagnosis was 67%. This proportion was the same for males and females (67%), but lower among blacks (62%) than among whites (67%). Cancer surveillance data are key to cancer epidemiologic and clinical outcomes research, program planning and monitoring, resource allocation, and state and federal appropriations accountability.
尽管癌症包含许多不同类型的疾病，但某些癌症类型具有共同的风险因素。例如，确凿的证据表明，多个部位的癌症与吸烟、饮酒、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染、超重及身体活动不足有关（1,2）。为监测癌症发病率的变化并评估在实现《健康人民2020》目标方面取得的进展，*美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了美国癌症统计（USCS）数据集中2013年的数据，这是可获取发病率和生存率数据的最新年份。2013年，美国（内华达州除外）癌症登记处共报告了1,559,130例浸润性癌症，年龄调整后的年发病率为每10万人439例。男性的癌症发病率（479）高于女性（413），黑人中的发病率最高（444），各州发病率从每10万人364例（新墨西哥州）到512例（肯塔基州）不等（波多黎各为359例）。诊断后存活≥5年的癌症患者比例为67%。该比例在男性和女性中相同（67%），但黑人（62%）低于白人（67%）。癌症监测数据对于癌症流行病学和临床结局研究、项目规划与监测、资源分配以及州和联邦拨款问责制至关重要。
