Chen F C, Tsai C L, Wu S K
Department of Recreational Sport and Health Promotion, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Xuefu Road, Neipu Township, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan,
Exp Brain Res. 2014 Jul;232(7):2155-65. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3906-0. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Gibson (The ecological approach to visual perception, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1979/1986) defined affordances as opportunities for motor behaviors, and highly emphasized the interaction between perception and action. Research on children with developmental coordination disorder commonly reports difficulties in judgments of affordances (perception) and in postural control (action). However, how perception and action are coupled has not been studied yet. The present study sought to evaluate the relationship between control of postural sway and perception of affordances in children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (RDCD) and typically developing children (TDC). We hypothesized that the relationship between perception and action would differ between groups. Participants made a series of judgments about their maximum sitting height (SHmax) while standing with and without wearing 10 cm blocks on feet. Postural sway and the judgment accuracy were recorded. Our findings showed that RDCD swayed more during judgment sessions and made less accurate judgments compared to TDC. In addition, TDC reduced postural sway from inter-judgment to judgment sessions, whereas the postural sway of RDCD remained identical between sessions. Last, while TDC reduced postural sway across judgment trials and revealed a learning effect of the judgments about SHmax in the block condition, RDCD never modulated postural sway and did not learn their SHmax in both non-block and block conditions. Overall, modulation of postural sway differed between groups during judgment sessions and between inter-judgment and judgment sessions, whereby their perceptual judgments about SHmax were differentially influenced. To summarize, this study demonstrated a difference in perception and action coupling between RDCD and TDC.
吉布森（《视觉感知的生态方法》，霍顿·米夫林出版社，波士顿，1979/1986年）将可供性定义为运动行为的机会，并高度强调感知与行动之间的相互作用。对患有发育性协调障碍儿童的研究普遍报告称，他们在可供性判断（感知）和姿势控制（行动）方面存在困难。然而，感知与行动是如何耦合的尚未得到研究。本研究旨在评估发育性协调障碍风险儿童（RDCD）和发育正常儿童（TDC）的姿势摆动控制与可供性感知之间的关系。我们假设两组之间感知与行动的关系会有所不同。参与者在双脚站立且不穿和穿着10厘米厚的垫块时，对自己的最大坐姿高度（SHmax）进行了一系列判断。记录姿势摆动和判断准确性。我们的研究结果表明，与TDC相比，RDCD在判断过程中摆动更多，判断准确性更低。此外，TDC在判断过程中姿势摆动从判断前到判断时有所减少，而RDCD在各阶段之间姿势摆动保持不变。最后，虽然TDC在判断试验中减少了姿势摆动，并在垫块条件下显示出对SHmax判断的学习效应，但RDCD在非垫块和垫块条件下都从未调节过姿势摆动，也没有学会自己的SHmax。总体而言，在判断过程中以及判断前和判断之间，两组之间姿势摆动的调节有所不同，因此他们对SHmax的感知判断受到了不同的影响。总之，本研究证明了RDCD和TDC在感知与行动耦合方面存在差异。
