Boutros Nash N, Mucci Armida, Vignapiano Annarita, Galderisi Silvana
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), 1000 East 24th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014;21:129-56. doi: 10.1007/7854_2014_303.
Clinical heterogeneity is a confound common to all of schizophrenia research. Deficit schizophrenia has been proposed as a homogeneous disease entity within the schizophrenia syndrome. The use of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) has allowed the definition of a subgroup dominated by persistent and primary negative symptoms. While a number of studies have appeared over the years examining the electrophysiological correlates of the cluster of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, only a few studies have actually focused on the Deficit Syndrome (DS). In this chapter, electrophysiological investigations utilizing EEG, Evoked Potentials (EPs), polysomnography (PSG), or magnetoencephalography (MEG) to probe "negative symptoms," or "Deficit Syndrome" are reviewed. While this line of research is evidently in its infancy, two significant trends emerge. First, spectral EEG studies link increased slow wave activity during wakefulness to the prevalence of negative symptoms. Second, sleep studies point to an association between decrease in slow wave sleep and prevalence of negative symptoms. Several studies also indicate a relationship of negative symptoms with reduced alpha activity. A host of other abnormalities including sensory gating and P300 attenuation are less consistently reported. Three studies specifically addressed electrophysiology of the DS. Two of the three studies provided evidence suggesting that the DS may be a separate disease entity and not simply a severe form of schizophrenia.
临床异质性是所有精神分裂症研究中常见的混杂因素。缺损型精神分裂症已被提出是精神分裂症综合征内的一种同质疾病实体。缺损综合征评定量表（SDS）的使用使得能够定义一个以持续性和原发性阴性症状为主的亚组。多年来，虽然有许多研究探讨了精神分裂症阴性症状群的电生理相关性，但实际上只有少数研究聚焦于缺损综合征（DS）。在本章中，将对利用脑电图（EEG）、诱发电位（EPs）、多导睡眠图（PSG）或脑磁图（MEG）来探究“阴性症状”或“缺损综合征”的电生理研究进行综述。虽然这一研究领域显然尚处于起步阶段，但出现了两个显著趋势。首先，脑电图频谱研究将清醒时慢波活动增加与阴性症状的普遍程度联系起来。其次，睡眠研究指出慢波睡眠减少与阴性症状普遍程度之间存在关联。多项研究还表明阴性症状与α波活动减少有关。包括感觉门控和P300波幅衰减在内的许多其他异常情况的报道则不太一致。有三项研究专门探讨了缺损综合征的电生理学。这三项研究中的两项提供了证据，表明缺损综合征可能是一个独立的疾病实体，而不仅仅是精神分裂症的一种严重形式。
