Khosravisamani M, Maliji G, Seyfi S, Azadmehr A, Abd Nikfarjam B, Madadi S, Jafari S
Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Babol, Iran.
J Periodontal Res. 2014 Dec;49(6):770-6. doi: 10.1111/jre.12161. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
The effects of different levels of steroid hormones, as experienced during puberty, pregnancy and menopause, on the periodontium have been demonstrated, but changes in sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle, and the influence of these changes on the periodontium, remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid and on periodontal clinical parameters, including the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the modified gingival index (MGI), in periodontally healthy women.
Twenty-seven periodontally healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle were included in the study. Clinical parameters, including the GBI, the MGI and the simplified oral health index, were recorded during menstruation, ovulation and premenstruation phases (e.g. on days 1-2, 12-14 and 22-24, respectively) of the menstrual cycle. Gingival crevicular fluid and unstimulated saliva were collected, at each study phase, for assessment of IL-1β, TNF-α, estrogen and progesterone.
Both the GBI and the MGI increased significantly during the menstrual cycle, and were significantly higher during ovulation than during menstruation or premenstruation (p < 0.001). No significant change in the simplified oral health index was observed during the menstrual cycle ( p = 0.18). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α increased during the different phases of the menstrual cycle, but only the change in the TNF-α concentration was significant ( p < 0.05).
This study indicated that changes occurring during the menstrual cycle influence the periodontium and induce inflammatory conditions.
青春期、孕期及更年期经历的不同水平类固醇激素对牙周组织的影响已得到证实，但月经周期中性激素水平的变化及其对牙周组织的影响仍未明确。本研究旨在调查月经周期对牙周健康女性龈沟液中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平以及牙周临床参数（包括牙龈出血指数（GBI）和改良牙龈指数（MGI））的影响。
本研究纳入了27名月经周期规律的牙周健康女性。在月经周期的月经期、排卵期和经前期（例如分别在第1 - 2天、12 - 14天和22 - 24天）记录临床参数，包括GBI、MGI和简化口腔健康指数。在每个研究阶段收集龈沟液和非刺激性唾液，用于评估IL-1β、TNF-α、雌激素和孕酮。
GBI和MGI在月经周期中均显著升高，且排卵期显著高于月经期或经前期（p < 0.001）。月经周期中简化口腔健康指数未观察到显著变化（p = 0.18）。IL-1β和TNF-α水平在月经周期的不同阶段升高，但只有TNF-α浓度的变化具有显著性（p < 0.05）。
本研究表明，月经周期中发生的变化会影响牙周组织并引发炎症状态。
