Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine | Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Block Building, Room 410, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail:
School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 Mar 27;11:E47. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.130324.
Few studies have assessed how people's perceptions of their neighborhood environment compare with objective measures or how self-reported and objective neighborhood measures relate to consumption of fruits and vegetables.
A telephone survey of 4,399 residents of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, provided data on individuals, their households, their neighborhoods (self-defined), their food-environment perceptions, and their fruit-and-vegetable consumption. Other data on neighborhoods (census tracts) or "extended neighborhoods" (census tracts plus 1-quarter-mile buffers) came from the US Census Bureau, the Philadelphia Police Department, the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, and the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression models examined associations between food-environment perceptions, fruit-and-vegetable consumption, and individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics.
Perceptions of neighborhood food environments (supermarket accessibility, produce availability, and grocery quality) were strongly associated with each other but not consistently or significantly associated with objective neighborhood measures or self-reported fruit-and-vegetable consumption. We found racial and educational disparities in fruit-and-vegetable consumption, even after adjusting for food-environment perceptions and individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics. Having a supermarket in the extended neighborhood was associated with better perceived supermarket access (adjusted odds ratio for having a conventional supermarket, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.68-2.46]; adjusted odds ratio for having a limited-assortment supermarket, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.59]) but not increased fruit-and-vegetable consumption. Models showed some counterintuitive associations with neighborhood crime and public transportation.
We found limited association between objective and self-reported neighborhood measures. Sociodemographic differences in individual fruit-and-vegetable consumption were evident regardless of neighborhood environment. Adding supermarkets to urban neighborhoods might improve residents' perceptions of supermarket accessibility but might not increase their fruit-and-vegetable consumption.
很少有研究评估人们对邻里环境的看法与客观测量相比如何，以及自我报告的邻里测量与水果和蔬菜消费之间的关系。
对宾夕法尼亚州费城的 4399 名居民进行了电话调查，提供了有关个人、家庭、邻里（自我定义）、对食物环境的看法以及水果和蔬菜消费的数据。关于邻里（普查区）或“扩展邻里”（普查区加 1/4 英里缓冲区）的其他数据来自美国人口普查局、费城警察局、东南宾夕法尼亚交通管理局和联邦补充营养援助计划。混合效应多层次逻辑回归模型研究了食物环境感知、水果和蔬菜消费与个人、家庭和邻里特征之间的关系。
邻里食物环境的看法（超市可达性、农产品供应和杂货店质量）彼此之间存在强烈关联，但与客观的邻里测量或自我报告的水果和蔬菜消费没有一致或显著关联。即使在调整了食物环境感知和个人、家庭和邻里特征后，我们仍然发现了水果和蔬菜消费方面的种族和教育差异。扩展邻里有超市与更好的感知超市可达性相关（传统超市的调整优势比为 2.04[95%CI，1.68-2.46]；有限品种超市的调整优势比为 1.28[95%CI，1.02-1.59]），但与水果和蔬菜消费的增加无关。模型显示与邻里犯罪和公共交通之间存在一些违反直觉的关联。
我们发现客观和自我报告的邻里测量之间关联有限。无论邻里环境如何，个体水果和蔬菜消费的社会人口统计学差异明显。在城市邻里增加超市可能会改善居民对超市可达性的看法，但可能不会增加他们对水果和蔬菜的消费。
