Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., suite 2210-16, mail code #8319, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., suite 2210, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 Sep 30;11:e86. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.88. eCollection 2022.
The objective of the present study was to assess the association between the observed and perceived food environment and food insecurity among households with children <18 years in Lima, Peru. This was a cross-sectional study including an income-stratified random sample of households ( 329) in Villa el Salvador, a low-income district in Lima, Peru. Data were collected with a household questionnaire - including the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the University of Pennsylvania's Perceived Nutrition Environment Survey (NEMS-P) - and a neighbourhood food outlet census, including recording of food outlets' GPS coordinates. Three-quarters of the households interviewed were food insecure. Compared with food secure households and adjusting for socio-demographic covariates, food insecure households were more likely to disagree to having easy access (OR 5⋅4; 95 % CI 2⋅1, 13⋅4), high quality (OR 3⋅1; 95 % CI 1⋅7, 5⋅5) and variety (OR 2⋅5; 95 % CI 1⋅4, 4⋅6) of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighbourhood. About 60 % (513 out of 861) of the food outlets identified in participants' neighbourhoods were classified as fresh, including markets, bodegas, and fruit and vegetable vendors. There was no difference in distance to fresh food outlets by household food insecurity; all households were on average within 52-62 m from a fresh food outlet (~2-min walk). Despite negative perceptions of their neighbourhood food environment, food insecure households had similar physical access to fresh food sources than their food secure counterparts. Thus, changes to the food environment may not alleviate food insecurity in urban poor areas of Peru.
本研究旨在评估秘鲁利马一个低收入社区 Villa el Salvador 中，18 岁以下儿童家庭的观察到的和感知到的食物环境与食物不安全之间的关联。这是一项横断面研究，包括一个按收入分层的随机家庭样本（329 户）。数据收集采用家庭调查问卷，包括家庭食物不安全程度评估量表（HFIAS）和宾夕法尼亚大学感知营养环境调查（NEMS-P），以及邻里食物销售点普查，包括记录食物销售点的 GPS 坐标。接受访谈的家庭中有四分之三处于食物不安全状态。与食物安全家庭相比，并调整社会人口统计学协变量后，食物不安全家庭更有可能不同意其所在邻里有方便获得（OR 5.4；95%CI 2.1, 13.4）、高质量（OR 3.1；95%CI 1.7, 5.5）和多样（OR 2.5；95%CI 1.4, 4.6）的新鲜水果和蔬菜。在参与者所在邻里确定的约 60%（513 个中有 861 个）的食物销售点被归类为新鲜食品，包括市场、杂货店和水果、蔬菜摊贩。家庭食物不安全状况与到新鲜食品销售点的距离没有差异；所有家庭距离新鲜食品销售点的平均距离均为 52-62 米（步行约 2 分钟）。尽管对邻里食物环境的看法负面，但食物不安全家庭与食物安全家庭相比，在获得新鲜食物来源方面的实际机会相似。因此，改变食物环境可能无法缓解秘鲁城市贫困地区的食物不安全状况。
