Saria A, Yan Z, Wolf G, Loidolt D, Martling C R, Lundberg J M
Department of Pharmacology, University of Graz, Austria.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1989;457:25-8. doi: 10.3109/00016488809138880.
Recent evidence suggests that a population of primary afferent neurons which terminate in the upper and lower airways contains several coexisting peptides. Thus, substance P was found to coexist with at least three structurally related tachykinins, viz. neurokinin A, neuropeptide K and an eledoisin-like peptide. Furthermore, calcitonin gene-related peptide which is structurally not related to tachykinins is also present in the same neurons which innervate a variety of peripheral tissues. Substance P, neurokinin A, eledoisin-like peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide can simultaneously be released from central and peripheral branches of primary sensory neurons, whereas a release of neuropeptide K could not be demonstrated. Local inflammatory mediators like bradykinin or histamine also released multiple peptides in the airways and caused vascular protein leakage which is partly dependent on intact sensory nerves. In experimental animals, tachykinins as well as calcitonin gene-related peptide caused vasodilatation, whereas tachykinins but not calcitonin gene-related peptide caused an increase in vascular protein leakage. In humans, intranasally administered substance P (but not calcitonin gene-related peptide) lead to nasal obstruction as measured by rhinomanometry, and to secretion. It is suggested that activation of peripheral endings of perivascular primary sensory neurons causes vasodilatation and increase in vascular protein leakage by simultaneous action of several neuropeptides including tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide.
最近的证据表明，终止于上、下呼吸道的一群初级传入神经元含有几种共存的肽。因此，发现P物质与至少三种结构相关的速激肽共存，即神经激肽A、神经肽K和一种类eledoisin肽。此外，结构上与速激肽无关的降钙素基因相关肽也存在于支配各种外周组织的同一神经元中。P物质、神经激肽A、类eledoisin肽和降钙素基因相关肽可同时从初级感觉神经元的中枢和外周分支释放，而神经肽K的释放则未得到证实。局部炎症介质如缓激肽或组胺也能在气道中释放多种肽，并导致血管蛋白渗漏，这部分依赖于完整的感觉神经。在实验动物中，速激肽以及降钙素基因相关肽可引起血管舒张，而速激肽而非降钙素基因相关肽可导致血管蛋白渗漏增加。在人类中，通过鼻阻力测量法测量，经鼻给予P物质（而非降钙素基因相关肽）会导致鼻塞和分泌物增多。有人提出，血管周围初级感觉神经元外周末梢的激活通过包括速激肽和降钙素基因相关肽在内的几种神经肽的同时作用，引起血管舒张和血管蛋白渗漏增加。
