Fajac I, Frossard N
Service de Pneumologie, UFR Cochin-Port-Royal, Paris.
Rev Mal Respir. 1994;11(4):357-67.
In the last decade, several neuropeptides have been localized in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the upper and lower airways in animals and man. Tachykinins are sensory neuropeptides: after nasal allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis, substance P is locally released and induces nasal obstruction. Like neurokinin A, another tachykinin of sensory C fibers, substance P induces an increase in vascular permeability and a recruitment of inflammatory cells. Thus, tachykinins partially mimic nasal response to antigen. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is another sensory neuropeptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide localized to parasympathetic fibers. The distributions of CGRP and VIP fibers and of their binding sites, as well as their physiological effects described in other tissues, are consistent with a vasodilator effect. On the other hand, neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic neuropeptide, would seem to be a potent vasoconstrictor. Thus, nasal neuropeptides, and above all sensory neuropeptides, could play a role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.
在过去十年中，几种神经肽已在动物和人类上下呼吸道的感觉神经、交感神经和副交感神经中定位。速激肽是感觉神经肽：在变应性鼻炎患者进行鼻过敏原激发后，P物质会在局部释放并引起鼻塞。与感觉C纤维的另一种速激肽神经激肽A一样，P物质会导致血管通透性增加和炎症细胞募集。因此，速激肽部分模拟了鼻腔对抗原的反应。降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）是另一种感觉神经肽，而血管活性肠肽（VIP）是一种定位于副交感神经纤维的神经肽。CGRP和VIP纤维及其结合位点的分布，以及它们在其他组织中描述的生理作用，都与血管舒张作用一致。另一方面，神经肽Y（NPY），一种交感神经肽，似乎是一种强效血管收缩剂。因此，鼻腔神经肽，尤其是感觉神经肽，可能在变应性鼻炎的病理生理学中起作用。
