动物和人类大脑糖原代谢的体内磁共振波谱分析
In vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of cerebral glycogen metabolism in animals and humans.
作者信息
Khowaja Ameer, Choi In-Young, Seaquist Elizabeth R, Öz Gülin
机构信息
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA,
出版信息
Metab Brain Dis. 2015 Feb;30(1):255-61. doi: 10.1007/s11011-014-9530-7. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Glycogen serves as an important energy reservoir in the human body. Despite the abundance of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles, its concentration in the brain is relatively low, hence its significance has been questioned. A major challenge in studying brain glycogen metabolism has been the lack of availability of non-invasive techniques for quantification of brain glycogen in vivo. Invasive methods for brain glycogen quantification such as post mortem extraction following high energy microwave irradiation are not applicable in the human brain. With the advent of (13)C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), it has been possible to measure brain glycogen concentrations and turnover in physiological conditions, as well as under the influence of stressors such as hypoglycemia and visual stimulation. This review presents an overview of the principles of the (13)C MRS methodology and its applications in both animals and humans to further our understanding of glycogen metabolism under normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as hypoglycemia unawareness.
糖原是人体重要的能量储备。尽管肝脏和骨骼肌中糖原丰富，但大脑中糖原的浓度相对较低，因此其重要性一直受到质疑。研究脑糖原代谢的一个主要挑战是缺乏用于体内定量脑糖原的非侵入性技术。用于脑糖原定量的侵入性方法，如高能微波照射后的死后提取，不适用于人类大脑。随着碳-13磁共振波谱（MRS）的出现，现在已经能够在生理条件下以及在低血糖和视觉刺激等应激源影响下测量脑糖原浓度和周转率。本综述概述了碳-13 MRS方法的原理及其在动物和人类中的应用，以加深我们对正常生理和病理生理条件（如低血糖无意识）下糖原代谢的理解。
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