Eckardt Kristin, Görgens Sven W, Raschke Silja, Eckel Jürgen
German Diabetes Center, Paul Langerhans Group for Integrative Physiology, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Diabetologia. 2014 Jun;57(6):1087-99. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3224-x. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the body in non-obese individuals and is now considered to be an active endocrine organ releasing a host of so-called myokines. These myokines are part of a complex network that mediates communication between muscle, the liver, adipose tissue, the brain and other organs. Recent data suggest that myokines regulated by muscle contraction may play a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of regular physical activity. Although hundreds of myokines have recently been described in proteomic studies, we currently have a rather limited knowledge of the specific role these myokines play in the prevention of insulin resistance, inflammation and associated metabolic dysfunction. Several myokines are known to have both local and endocrine functions, but in many cases the contribution of physical activity to the systemic level of these molecules remains as yet unexplored. Very recently, novel myokines such as irisin, which is thought to induce a white to brown shift in adipocytes, have gained considerable interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the most recent findings on the role of myokines in the regulation of substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We further explore the role of myokines in the regulation of inflammation and provide a critical assessment of irisin and other myokines regarding their potential as therapeutic targets.
在非肥胖个体中，骨骼肌是人体最大的器官，现在被认为是一个活跃的内分泌器官，可释放大量所谓的肌动蛋白。这些肌动蛋白是一个复杂网络的一部分，该网络介导肌肉、肝脏、脂肪组织、大脑和其他器官之间的通讯。最近的数据表明，由肌肉收缩调节的肌动蛋白可能在介导定期体育活动的健康促进作用中发挥关键作用。尽管蛋白质组学研究最近描述了数百种肌动蛋白，但我们目前对这些肌动蛋白在预防胰岛素抵抗、炎症和相关代谢功能障碍中所起的具体作用了解相当有限。已知几种肌动蛋白具有局部和内分泌功能，但在许多情况下，体育活动对这些分子全身水平的影响仍未得到探索。最近，新型肌动蛋白，如被认为可诱导脂肪细胞由白色向棕色转变的鸢尾素，作为潜在的治疗靶点引起了相当大的关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于肌动蛋白在调节底物代谢和胰岛素敏感性方面作用的最新发现。我们进一步探讨了肌动蛋白在炎症调节中的作用，并对鸢尾素和其他肌动蛋白作为治疗靶点的潜力进行了批判性评估。
