Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, 740 Avenue du Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A5,
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2014 Aug;10(4):455-71. doi: 10.1007/s12015-014-9504-5.
This article compares and contrasts the pressures of both open access data sharing and commercialization policies in the context of publicly funded embryonic stem cell research (SCR). First, normative guidelines of international SCR organizations were examined. We then examined SCR funding guidelines and the project evaluation criteria of major funding organizations in the EU, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, Canada and the United States. Our survey of policies revealed subtle pressures to commercialize research that include: increased funding availability for commercialization opportunities, assistance for obtaining intellectual property rights (IPRs) and legislation mandating commercialization. In lieu of open access models, funders are increasingly opting for limited sharing models or "protected commons" models that make the research available to researchers within the same region or those receiving the same funding. Meanwhile, there still is need for funding agencies to clarify and standardize terms such as "non-profit organizations" and "for-profit research," as more universities are pursuing for-profit or commercial opportunities.
本文比较和对比了在公共资助胚胎干细胞研究（SCR）背景下，开放获取数据共享和商业化政策的压力。首先，我们研究了国际 SCR 组织的规范指南。然后，我们研究了欧盟、英国（UK）、西班牙、加拿大和美国的 SCR 资助指南以及主要资助组织的项目评估标准。我们的政策调查揭示了微妙的商业化研究压力，包括：增加商业化机会的资金可用性，为获取知识产权（IPR）提供援助，以及要求商业化的立法。替代开放获取模式，资助者越来越倾向于选择有限的共享模式或“受保护的公共领域”模式，使同一地区或接受相同资金的研究人员可以获得研究成果。同时，仍然需要资金机构澄清和标准化术语，例如“非营利组织”和“营利性研究”，因为越来越多的大学正在寻求营利或商业机会。
