Campbell Mark John, Moran Aidan P
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,
Cogn Process. 2014 Aug;15(3):363-72. doi: 10.1007/s10339-014-0608-2. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Gaze patterns and verbal reports of golfers at three skill levels (professional, elite amateur and club) were recorded as they read the slope of a virtual golf green from six different positions. The results showed that the professional golfers used a more economical gaze pattern consisting of fewer fixations of longer duration than the amateur and club players. Gaze pattern was accompanied by verbal reports that were not significantly more accurate in terms of aiming accuracy, although the professionals were accurate on 76.5 % of putts compared to 57.1 % for the elite and club groups. Two read positions lead to more accurate predictions by the professional golfers only, suggesting distinctive periods of visual perceptual-cognitive attention may underly higher levels of putting skill. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed in relation to the application of visual attention theory to practise, as well as suggestions provided for further research.
研究记录了三个技能水平（职业、精英业余和俱乐部）的高尔夫球手从六个不同位置读取虚拟高尔夫球洞区坡度时的注视模式和口头报告。结果显示，与业余和俱乐部球员相比，职业高尔夫球手使用的注视模式更为经济，注视次数更少但持续时间更长。注视模式伴随着口头报告，就瞄准准确性而言，口头报告的准确性并没有显著提高，尽管职业球手在76.5%的推杆中准确命中，而精英和俱乐部组的这一比例为57.1%。只有两个读取位置能让职业高尔夫球手做出更准确的预测，这表明独特的视觉感知-认知注意力阶段可能是更高水平推杆技能的基础。本文讨论了这些结果在视觉注意力理论应用于实践方面的理论意义，并为进一步研究提供了建议。
