Duplex Doppler ultrasound examination of carotid and vertebral arteries: guidelines of the Polish Society for Vascular Surgery.

The duplex Doppler examination of carotid and vertebral arteries is the primary diagnostic method in detecting disorders leading to the brain blood supply disturbances. In many cases, in patients with carotid artery stenosis, the Doppler ultrasound plays a major role in the process of qualification to the reconstructive procedures. Regardless of the widespread availability and high sensitivity and specificity of this method it's burdened with serious drawbacks. The most important of them are evaluation subjectivity and variety of methods to assess stenosis degree and the nature of atherosclerotic plaques. They often cause difficulties in comparing the test results carried out in different centers and to find correlations with other imaging methods results. In order to overcome these drawbacks, Polish Society for Vascular Surgery has attempted to develop recommendations for uniform methodology of carotid and vertebral arteries Doppler examination. Legal terms, the manner of examination and its interpretation were presented. Proposing the way of highlights results and messages conclusion to enable the recommendationsimplementation of endovascular and surgical qualifications relating to surgical treatment. We hope that these recommendations will help to standardize examination techniques.