Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;26:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.10.007. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Plant cell walls consist largely of cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides and lignin. Concerted attempts are underway to convert wall polysaccharides from crop plant residues into renewable transport fuels and other valuable products, and to exploit the dietary benefits of cereal grain wall polysaccharides in human health. Attempts to improve plant performance for these applications have involved the manipulation of the levels and structures of wall components. Some successes in altering non-cellulosic polysaccharides has been achieved, but it would appear that drastic changes in cellulose are more difficult to engineer. Nevertheless, future prospects for both genetically modified (GM) and non-GM technologies to modify plant cell wall composition and structure remain bright, and will undoubtedly find applications beyond the current focus on human health and biofuel production.
植物细胞壁主要由纤维素、非纤维素多糖和木质素组成。目前正在进行协同努力，将作物残体细胞壁中的多糖转化为可再生的运输燃料和其他有价值的产品，并利用谷物细胞壁多糖对人类健康的益处。为了实现这些应用，人们试图通过改变细胞壁成分的水平和结构来提高植物的性能。在改变非纤维素多糖方面已经取得了一些成功，但似乎更难通过工程手段来改变纤维素。然而，无论是通过基因改良（GM）技术还是非 GM 技术来改变植物细胞壁的组成和结构，未来的前景依然光明，并且无疑将在当前关注人类健康和生物燃料生产之外找到应用。
