寄生在马和猪身上的血虱属 Haematopinus 之间线粒体微染色体组成的变异。
Variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition between blood-sucking lice of the genus Haematopinus that infest horses and pigs.
机构信息
GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4556, Australia.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Mar 31;7:144. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-144.
BACKGROUND
The genus Haematopinus contains 21 species of blood-sucking lice, parasitizing both even-toed ungulates (pigs, cattle, buffalo, antelopes, camels and deer) and odd-toed ungulates (horses, donkeys and zebras). The mitochondrial genomes of the domestic pig louse, Haematopinus suis, and the wild pig louse, Haematopinus apri, have been sequenced recently; both lice have fragmented mitochondrial genomes with 37 genes on nine minichromosomes. To understand whether the composition of mitochondrial minichromosomes and the gene content and gene arrangement of each minichromosome are stable within the genus, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the horse louse, Haematopinus asini.
METHODS
We used a PCR-based strategy to amplify four mitochondrial minichromosomes in near full-length, and then amplify the entire coding regions of all of the nine mitochondrial minichromosomes of the horse louse. These amplicons were sequenced with an Illumina Hiseq platform.
RESULTS
We identified all of the 37 mitochondrial genes typical of bilateral animals in the horse louse, Haematopinus asini; these genes are on nine circular minichromosomes. Each minichromosome is 3.5-5.0 kb in size and consists of a coding region and a non-coding region except R-nad4L-rrnS-C minichromosome, which contains two coding regions and two non-coding regions. Six of the nine minichromosomes of the horse louse have their counterparts in the pig lice with the same gene content and gene arrangement. However, the gene content and arrangement of the other three minichromosomes of the horse louse, including R-nad4L-rrnS-C, are different from that of the other three minichromosomes of the pig lice.
CONCLUSIONS
Comparison between the horse louse and the pig lice revealed variation in the composition of mitochondrial minichromosomes within the genus Haematopinus, which can be accounted for by gene translocation events between minichromosomes. The current study indicates that inter-minichromosome recombination plays a major role in generating the variation in the composition of mitochondrial minichromosomes and provides novel insights into the evolution of fragmented mitochondrial genomes in the blood-sucking lice.
背景
血虱属包含 21 种吸血虱，寄生在偶蹄目（猪、牛、水牛、羚羊、骆驼和鹿）和奇蹄目（马、驴和斑马）动物上。最近已经测序了家猪虱 Haematopinus suis 和野猪虱 Haematopinus apri 的线粒体基因组；这两种虱都有碎片化的线粒体基因组，由 9 个微染色体上的 37 个基因组成。为了了解属内线粒体微染色体的组成以及每个微染色体的基因含量和基因排列是否稳定，我们对马虱 Haematopinus asini 的线粒体基因组进行了测序。
方法
我们使用基于 PCR 的策略扩增了四条近乎全长的线粒体微染色体，然后扩增了马虱 9 条线粒体微染色体的所有编码区。这些扩增子用 Illumina Hiseq 平台进行测序。
结果
我们在马虱 Haematopinus asini 中鉴定了所有 37 个双侧动物的典型线粒体基因；这些基因位于 9 个圆形微染色体上。每个微染色体大小为 3.5-5.0 kb，由编码区和非编码区组成，除了 R-nad4L-rrnS-C 微染色体外，它包含两个编码区和两个非编码区。马虱的 9 个微染色体中有 6 个与猪虱的微染色体具有相同的基因含量和排列方式。然而，马虱的另外 3 个微染色体，包括 R-nad4L-rrnS-C，其基因含量和排列与猪虱的另外 3 个微染色体不同。
结论
马虱和猪虱的比较显示，血虱属内线粒体微染色体的组成发生了变异，这可以归因于微染色体之间的基因转移事件。本研究表明，微染色体之间的重组在产生线粒体微染色体组成的变异中起主要作用，并为吸血虱碎片化线粒体基因组的进化提供了新的见解。
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