Liu Ting, Ye Cheng-Long, Chen Xiao-Yun, Ran Wei, Shen Qi-Rong, Hu Feng, Li Hui-Xin
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Dec;24(12):3508-16.
A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the soil nematode community structure in a paddy field with paddy rice and wheat rotation in Jintan County (31 degrees 39'41.8" N, 119 degrees 28'23.5" E) of Jiangsu Province, East China. Six treatments were installed, i. e., no fertilization (CK), 100% chemical NPK fertilization (F), pig manure compost plus 50% chemical fertilization (PF), straw returning plus 100% chemical fertilization (SF), pig manure compost and straw returning plus 50% chemical fertilization (PSF), and application of commercial pig manure-inorganic complex fertilizer (PMF). The soil samples were collected from the field after the paddy rice harvested in autumn. The two continuous years study showed that the soil nematode community structure varied with fertilization treatments and years. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures increased the total number of soil nematodes, decreased the abundance of soil bacterivorous nematodes, and made the abundance of predator- and omnivore nematodes increased significantly. No significant differences were observed in the abundance of soil fungivorous nematodes among all the treatments. Chemical fertilization alone and the application of commercial pig manure-inorganic complex fertilizer had no obvious suppression effect on the soil phytophagous nematodes. The abundance of soil bacteriavorous nematodes under the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures was relatively increased in the second year, as compared with that in the first year, while the abundance of soil phytophagous nematodes (Hirschmanniella) was relatively decreased in the second year. From the aspect of nematode ecological indices, the Margalef diversity index (H) under the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures in the second year had an increasing trend, while the NCR index had less change. The Wasilewka index had a relative increase in the second year, while the plant-parasitic index had a relative decrease. It was suggested that the application of organic manure could increase the abundance of soil microbivorous nematodes, and made the soil environment tend to be healthy.
在中国东部江苏省金坛市（北纬31°39′41.8″，东经119°28′23.5″）进行了一项对比研究，以调查不同施肥模式对水稻和小麦轮作稻田土壤线虫群落结构的影响。设置了6种处理，即不施肥（CK）、100%化学氮磷钾施肥（F）、猪粪堆肥加50%化学施肥（PF）、秸秆还田加100%化学施肥（SF）、猪粪堆肥和秸秆还田加50%化学施肥（PSF）以及施用商品猪粪无机复合肥（PMF）。秋季水稻收获后从田间采集土壤样本。连续两年的研究表明，土壤线虫群落结构随施肥处理和年份而变化。化肥和有机肥的联合施用增加了土壤线虫总数，降低了土壤食细菌线虫的丰度，并使捕食性和杂食性线虫的丰度显著增加。所有处理中土壤食真菌线虫的丰度未观察到显著差异。单独施用化肥和施用商品猪粪无机复合肥对土壤植食性线虫没有明显的抑制作用。与第一年相比，第二年化肥和有机肥联合施用下土壤食细菌线虫的丰度相对增加，而土壤植食性线虫（潜根线虫属）的丰度相对降低。从线虫生态指数方面来看，第二年化肥和有机肥联合施用下的Margalef多样性指数（H）有增加趋势，而NCR指数变化较小。Wasilewka指数在第二年相对增加，而植物寄生指数相对降低。表明施用有机肥可增加土壤食微生物线虫的丰度，使土壤环境趋于健康。
