Wang Wei-Hua, Liu Yi, Tang Hai-Ming, Sun Zhi-Long, Li Bao-Zhen, Ge Ti-da, Wu Jin-Shui
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Jan 8;39(1):430-437. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201706039.
Four paddy soils were collected in Ningxiang County, Hunan province. These used with different long-term fertilization regimes, including a control without fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilization with nitrogen, phosphate, and kalium (NPK), straw fertilization combined with NPK (ST), and manure fertilization combinedwith NPK (OM). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technology and Microresp method were used to study the effect of long-term fertilization on soil microorganism abundance, community structure, and activity. Results showed that the abundance of bacteria, fungi, gram-negative (G) bacteria, and gram-positive (G) bacteria in the soil from the OM treatment was generally higher than for the other treatments; these levels were lower in the ST and NPK treatments and lowest in the CK treatment. The principal components analysis (PCA) of PLFA showed that the community structure of microorganisms in NPK, ST, and OM treatments was altered in comparison with that in CK, especially in the case of the ST and OM treatments. MicroResp results revealed that compared to the CK treatment (1.28 μg·h), soil microorganisms in the OM treatment had the highest average utilization rate of multiple carbon sources (1.81 μg·h), followed by ST (1.19 μg·h), CK (1.28 μg·h), and NPK (0.95 μg·h). Furthermore, different long-term fertilization regimes resulted in distinct carbon source preferences for the soil microorganisms and revealed a significant alteration in the microbial community. Conclusively, long-term fertilizer with straw or manure changes the microbial community and is a benefit for improving the biomass and activity of microorganism in rice paddy soils.
在湖南省宁乡县采集了四种水稻土。这些土壤采用了不同的长期施肥制度，包括不施肥的对照（CK）、氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、秸秆与NPK配施（ST）以及有机肥与NPK配施（OM）。采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）技术和微呼吸方法研究长期施肥对土壤微生物丰度、群落结构和活性的影响。结果表明，OM处理土壤中细菌、真菌、革兰氏阴性（G-）菌和革兰氏阳性（G+）菌的丰度普遍高于其他处理；ST和NPK处理的这些水平较低，CK处理最低。PLFA的主成分分析（PCA）表明，与CK相比，NPK、ST和OM处理中微生物的群落结构发生了变化，尤其是ST和OM处理。微呼吸结果显示，与CK处理（1.28μg·h）相比，OM处理土壤微生物对多种碳源的平均利用率最高（1.81μg·h），其次是ST（1.19μg·h）、CK（1.28μg·h）和NPK（0.95μg·h）。此外，不同的长期施肥制度导致土壤微生物对碳源的偏好不同，并揭示了微生物群落的显著变化。总之，长期施用秸秆或有机肥会改变微生物群落，有利于提高稻田土壤中微生物的生物量和活性。
