Kulkarni Bharati, Hills Andrew P, Byrne Nuala M
Nutr Rev. 2014 Mar;72(3):190-204. doi: 10.1111/nure.12097.
The double burden of childhood undernutrition and adult-onset adiposity in transitioning societies poses a significant public health challenge. The development of suboptimal lean body mass (LBM) could partly explain the link between these two forms of malnutrition. This review examines the evidence on both the role of nutrition in “developmental programming” of LBM and the nutritional influences that affect LBM throughout the life course. Studies from developing countries assessing the relationship of early nutrition with later LBM provide important insights. Overall, the evidence is consistent in suggesting a positive association of early nutritional status (indicated by birth weight and growth during first 2 years) with LBM in later life. Evidence on the impact of maternal nutritional supplementation during pregnancy on later LBM is inconsistent. In addition, the role of nutrients (protein, zinc, calcium, vitamin D) that can affect LBM throughout the life course is described. Promoting optimal intakes of these important nutrients throughout the life course is important for reducing childhood undernutrition as well as for improving the LBM of adults.
转型社会中儿童营养不良和成人肥胖并存的双重负担构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。瘦体重（LBM）发育欠佳可能部分解释了这两种营养不良形式之间的联系。本综述考察了营养在LBM“发育编程”中的作用以及影响一生LBM的营养因素的相关证据。来自发展中国家评估早期营养与后期LBM关系的研究提供了重要见解。总体而言，证据一致表明早期营养状况（以出生体重和头两年的生长情况衡量）与后期生活中的LBM呈正相关。关于孕期母体营养补充对后期LBM影响的证据并不一致。此外，还描述了可在一生当中影响LBM的营养素（蛋白质、锌、钙、维生素D）的作用。在整个生命过程中促进这些重要营养素的最佳摄入量，对于减少儿童营养不良以及改善成年人的瘦体重都很重要。
