Symonds Michael E, Gardner David S
Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, UK.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006 May;9(3):278-83. doi: 10.1097/01.mco.0000222112.46042.19.
The developmental origins of adult disease represent a burgeoning area of research for which it has been suggested that up to 50% of the current incidence of later adult disease may be explained or even alleviated. Therefore, it is not surprising that there has been a substantial increase in the number of publications on this subject. In this review, some of the most important recent publications will be highlighted, particularly those focusing on the consequences for later cardiovascular control and obesity.
The review will consider the extent to which both increased and decreased maternal nutrient intake in relevant animal models can result in offspring that are at greater risk of later disease, and will indicate the potential mechanisms involved. Particular focus will be given to effects on glucocorticoids, potential epigenetic effects, and the extent to which male or female offspring may be differentially programmed. In addition, the potential for nutritional or endocrine interventions during lactation in order to overcome these adverse outcomes will be covered.
Inappropriate growth during pregnancy, lactation and/or childhood can result in individuals whose risk of later cardiovascular disease is greatly increased. By considering the critical importance of the maternal diet from before conception through to lactation, there is a clear potential to substantially improve the health of all children and adults.
成人疾病的发育起源是一个新兴的研究领域，有人认为目前高达50%的成人后期疾病发病率可以得到解释甚至缓解。因此，关于这个主题的出版物数量大幅增加也就不足为奇了。在本综述中，将重点介绍一些近期最重要的出版物，特别是那些关注对后期心血管控制和肥胖影响的研究。
本综述将探讨在相关动物模型中，母体营养摄入增加和减少在多大程度上会导致后代患后期疾病的风险增加，并指出其中涉及的潜在机制。将特别关注对糖皮质激素的影响、潜在的表观遗传效应，以及雄性或雌性后代在编程上可能存在的差异程度。此外，还将探讨哺乳期进行营养或内分泌干预以克服这些不良后果的可能性。
孕期、哺乳期和/或儿童期的生长发育不当会导致个体患后期心血管疾病的风险大幅增加。通过认识到从受孕前到哺乳期母体饮食的至关重要性，显然有很大潜力可大幅改善所有儿童和成人的健康状况。
