D'Angelo Paul, Pollock John C, Kiernicki Kristen, Shaw Donna
Communication Studies Department, Kendall Hall 235, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628,
Politics Life Sci. 2013 Fall;32(2):100-25. doi: 10.2990/32_2_100.
This study offers the first systematic analysis of the impact of press-state relations, or media systems, on the HIV/AIDS news agenda in African news coverage. The premise is that media systems play a determining role in the degree to which journalists can independently advocate for social change when covering HIV/AIDS. Drawing on comparative research, four sub-Saharan countries were categorized into two media systems: Contained Democratic (South Africa, Nigeria) and Repressive Autocratic (Zimbabwe, Kenya). A sample of HIV/AIDS stories (n = 393) published from 2002-2007 in each country's leading Anglophone newspaper was content analyzed. Across all coverage, the topic of social costs was framed more for the responsibility borne by nongovernmental agents than governmental agents. In Contained Democratic media systems, however, story emphasis shifted toward government agents taking responsibility for addressing the social costs of HIV/AIDS. Prevention campaigns were framed more as progress than decline across all newspapers; however, campaigns were reported as being more efficacious in Contained Democratic systems than in Repressive Autocratic systems. No impact of media system on framing of medical developments was found. Results show the value of comparative analysis in understanding the agenda-setting process: with greater emphasis on positive efficacy and government initiative, the news agenda in Contained Democratic media systems can facilitate stronger positive societal-level responses than the news agenda in Repressive Autocratic media systems.
本研究首次对新闻界与政府的关系，即媒体系统，对非洲新闻报道中艾滋病新闻议程的影响进行了系统分析。前提是，在报道艾滋病时，媒体系统在记者能够独立倡导社会变革的程度上起着决定性作用。基于比较研究，撒哈拉以南的四个国家被分为两种媒体系统：有限民主制（南非、尼日利亚）和专制独裁制（津巴布韦、肯尼亚）。对2002年至2007年期间每个国家主要英语报纸上发表的艾滋病报道样本（n = 393）进行了内容分析。在所有报道中，社会成本这一主题更多地被设定为非政府行为体而非政府行为体应承担的责任。然而，在有限民主制媒体系统中，报道重点转向了政府行为体对应对艾滋病社会成本负责。在所有报纸上，预防运动更多地被描述为取得进展而非衰退；然而，在有限民主制系统中，预防运动被报道为比专制独裁制系统更有效。未发现媒体系统对医学发展报道框架有影响。结果表明，比较分析在理解议程设置过程中的价值：由于更加强调积极效果和政府主动性，有限民主制媒体系统中的新闻议程比专制独裁制媒体系统中的新闻议程能促进更有力的积极社会层面反应。
