Pieri Fabio Alessandro, Colombo Monique, Merhi Carolina Milner, Juliati Vinícius Augusto, Ferreira Marcello Sebe, Nero Marcelo Antônio, Nero Luis Augusto
1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil .
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014 Jun;11(6):490-6. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1712. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
This study aimed to assess raw milk consumption habits in the urban population of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the microbiological safety and quality of the fluid milk available in retail sales outlets in the same region. A simplified questionnaire regarding raw milk consumption was applied to the persons responsible for food acquisition in 411 residences. The regular consumption of raw milk was observed by 18.5% of the interviewers, and lack of knowledge of possible risks related to this food product. Microbiological safety and quality were assessed for raw (n=69), pasteurized (n=80), and ultra-high-temperature (UHT)-treated milk (n=80) by analyzing the counts of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, and Escherichia coli, and detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.; raw milk samples were also subjected to enumeration of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Concerning raw milk, 59.4% of the samples were considered as produced in inadequate hygienic conditions, 5.8% of the samples presented counts of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus lower than 100 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, and no samples presented with positive results for L. monocytogenes or Salmonella spp. All pasteurized and UHT milk samples presented with low counts of mesophilic aerobes and coliforms, while L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were absent. The data demonstrated that raw milk was consumed by the population studied. Despite the absence of potential hazards, raw milk was of poor hygienic quality, in contrast with the processed fluid milk available in retail sales outlets that was safe and of good hygienic quality, highlighting the suitability of pasteurized and UHT milk for human consumption.
本研究旨在评估巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州维索萨市城市人口的生乳消费习惯，以及该地区零售网点销售的液态奶的微生物安全性和质量。向411户家庭中负责食品采购的人员发放了一份关于生乳消费的简化问卷。18.5%的受访者表示经常饮用生乳，且对该食品可能存在的风险缺乏了解。通过分析嗜温需氧菌、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的数量，以及检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌，对生乳（n = 69）、巴氏杀菌乳（n = 80）和超高温（UHT）处理乳（n = 80）的微生物安全性和质量进行了评估；生乳样本还进行了凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌的计数。关于生乳，59.4%的样本被认为是在卫生条件不佳的情况下生产的，5.8%的样本凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌数量低于100菌落形成单位（CFU）/mL，且没有样本单核细胞增生李斯特菌或沙门氏菌检测呈阳性。所有巴氏杀菌乳和UHT处理乳样本嗜温需氧菌和大肠菌群数量较低，且未检出单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门氏菌。数据表明，研究人群有饮用生乳的情况。尽管没有潜在危害，但生乳的卫生质量较差，相比之下，零售网点销售的加工液态奶安全且卫生质量良好，突出了巴氏杀菌乳和UHT处理乳适合人类消费。
